Platelets are abundant, small, anucleate circulating cells, serving many emerging pathophysiological roles beyond hemostasis; including active critical roles in thrombosis, injury response, and immunoregulation. In the absence of genomic DNA transcriptional regulation (no nucleus), platelets require strategic prepackaging of all the needed RNA and organelles from megakaryocytes, to sense stress (e.g., hyperglycemia), to protect themselves from stress (e.g., mitophagy), and to communicate a stress response to other cells (e.g., granule and microparticle release). Distinct from avian thrombocytes that have a nucleus, the absence of a nucleus allows the mammalian platelet to maintain its small size, permits morphological flexibility, and may improve speed and efficiency of protein expression in response to stress. In the absence of a nucleus, platelet lifespan of 7-10 days, is largely determined by the mitochondria. The packaging of 5-8 mitochondria is critical in aerobic respiration and yielding metabolic substrates needed for function and survival. Mitochondria damage or dysfunction, as observed with several disease processes, results in greatly attenuated platelet survival and increased risk for thrombovascular events. Here we provide insights into the emerging roles of platelets despite the lack of a nucleus, and the key role played by mitochondria in platelet function and survival both in health and disease.

/pdf/role-of-platelet-mitochondria-life-in-a-nucleus-free-zone-1kwqm3811f.pdf

Role of Platelet Mitochondria: Life in a Nucleus-Free Zone.

Placental mitochondrial dysfunction with metabolic diseases: Therapeutic approaches

Regulation of mitochondrial function as a promising target in platelet activation-related diseases.

Platelets play a key role in the formation of hemostatic clots and obstructive thrombi as well as in other biological processes. In response to physiological stimulants, including thrombin, platelets change shape, express adhesive molecules, aggregate, and secrete bioactive substances, but their subsequent fate is largely unknown. Here we examined late-stage structural, metabolic, and functional consequences of thrombin-induced platelet activation. Using a combination of confocal microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, flow cytometry, biochemical and biomechanical measurements, we showed that thrombin-induced activation is followed by time-dependent platelet dysfunction and disintegration. After ~30 minutes of incubation with thrombin, unlike with collagen or ADP, human platelets disintegrated into cellular fragments containing organelles, such as mitochondria, glycogen granules, and vacuoles. This platelet fragmentation was preceded by Ca2+ influx, integrin αIIbβ3 activation and phosphatidylserine exposure (activation phase), followed by mitochondrial depolarization, generation of reactive oxygen species, metabolic ATP depletion and impairment of platelet contractility along with dramatic cytoskeletal rearrangements, concomitant with platelet disintegration (death phase). Coincidentally with the platelet fragmentation, thrombin caused calpain activation but not activation of caspases 3 and 7. Our findings indicate that the late functional and structural damage of thrombin-activated platelets comprise a calpain-dependent platelet death pathway that shares some similarities with the programmed death of nucleated cells, but is unique to platelets, therefore representing a special form of cellular destruction. Fragmentation of activated platelets suggests that there is an underappreciated pathway of enhanced elimination of platelets from the circulation in (pro)thrombotic conditions once these cells have performed their functions.

/pdf/fatal-dysfunction-and-disintegration-of-thrombin-stimulated-2k0dsmug04.pdf

Fatal dysfunction and disintegration of thrombin-stimulated platelets.

Mitochondrial dysfunction is currently acknowledged as a central pathomechanism of most common diseases of the 21(st) century. Recently, the assessment of the bioenergetic profile of human peripheral blood cells has emerged as a novel research field with potential applications in the development of disease biomarkers. In particular, platelets have been successfully used for the ex vivo analysis of mitochondrial respiratory function in several acute and chronic pathologies. An increasing number of studies support the idea that evaluation of the bioenergetic function in circulating platelets may represent the peripheral signature of mitochondrial dysfunction in metabolically active tissues (brain, heart, liver, skeletal muscle). Accordingly, impairment of mitochondrial respiration in peripheral platelets might have potential clinical applicability as a diagnostic and prognostic tool as well as a biomarker in treatment monitoring. The aim of this minireview is to summarize current information in the field of platelet mitochondrial dysfunction in both acute and chronic diseases.

/pdf/assessment-of-platelet-respiration-as-emerging-biomarker-of-1oyb8p2wtt.pdf

Assessment of platelet respiration as emerging biomarker of disease.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/jth.14274

Glucose metabolism and metabolic flexibility in blood platelets.

BACKGROUND
People with a stoma face many unique challenges. Leakage is a significant one but is not sufficiently discussed within the wider area of health and social care.


AIMS
This study aimed to articulate and achieve consensus on the problems experienced by people with a stoma, particularly leakage, in the hope of encouraging conversations among patients, clinicians and policymakers on how to solve them.


METHODS
Output from a modified Delphi panel, consisting of patient groups, was used to create a set of calls to action, with a particular focus on the issue of leakage.


FINDINGS
Leakage has a large impact on daily life and can cause both physical and mental health difficulties. Peer support and specialist care can be offer considerable benefits in dealing with these.


CONCLUSIONS
There are significant unmet needs for equitable access to specialist stoma care and peer support, as well as information provision for non-specialist healthcare providers. The calls to action should be implemented.

Gaining consensus: the challenges of living with a stoma and the impact of stoma leakage.

BACKGROUND
People with a stoma are reported to experience leakage, which negatively impacts patient quality of life (QoL).


AIM
To assess the impact of leakage experienced by individuals with a stoma in the UK.


METHODS
Data were analysed from 301 patients living in the UK who completed a questionnaire concerning the physical and psychosocial impact of living with a stoma.


FINDINGS
Most respondents had had their stoma for more than 5 years. Nine out of 10 worried about leakage to varying degrees and half the respondents accepted that this was a worry they had to live with. Almost 70% experienced leakage onto clothes within the preceding year, and 28% experienced this monthly. Peristomal skin complications were experienced by 82% of respondents, the severity of which correlated with reductions in QoL.


CONCLUSION
Despite the consequential negative impact of leakage on QoL, individuals are not seeking advice to resolve leakage-related issues, including from their specialist stoma care nurse.

Prevalence of leakage and its negative impact on quality of life in people living with a stoma in the UK.

Burden of disease in newly operated stoma (an opening on to allow faeces to be diverted out of the body) patients

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical and economic outcomes during the first year following ostomy formation.


DESIGN
Single-center retrospective audit.


SUBJECTS AND SETTING
The sample comprised 200 patients who underwent surgery leading to ileostomy or colostomy at a large English National Health Service (NHS) Trust.


METHODS
Clinical complications, medicine prescriptions, and interactions with healthcare services were reported over 12 months postsurgery, and interactions with the NHS were matched to the closest NHS unit cost to determine mean patient cost.


RESULTS
The most common ostomy-related surgical site complications were high output (35.0%; n = 70), followed by moderate/severe peristomal skin complications (24.5%; n = 49) and bleeding (23.5%; n = 47). Ostomy management-related complications included general difficulties with ostomy management (50.0%; n = 100) and leakage-related mild peristomal skin issues (48.5%; n = 97). Clinical complication rates were highest in the first quarter following ostomy formation, except parastomal hernia, which increased in incidence over time. Ileostomy patients more frequently experienced high output, acute renal failure, and ostomy management-related complications and had increased length of inpatient admission. However, healthcare resource use was high in both groups, with a median of 13 inpatient admission days and 12 outpatient contacts overall within the first year. Mean cost per patient was £20,444.60 (US $26,018.41); 90.5% of these costs were attributed to ostomy-related factors.


CONCLUSIONS
Patients are likely to experience at least one clinical complication following intestinal ostomy formation and have multiple interactions with the NHS. While a number of complications are more frequent in patients with ileostomies, both groups experienced considerable costs within the first year following surgery associated with ostomy management and recovery.

Complications and Healthcare Costs Associated With the First Year Following Colostomy and Ileostomy Formation: A Retrospective Study.

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

M. Aibibula

Author Tools

Chat about Author