Publisher Summary The development of the avian cornea involves a remarkable continuum of highly coordinated events. The corneal epithelium is the first of the component tissues to differentiate. This ectodermal derivative, with the help of the lens, secretes the highly ordered primary stroma composed of orthogonally arranged collagen fibrils embedded in a chondroitin sulfate (CS)-rich matrix. The fibroblasts of the avian cornea may produce the first fibronectin to appear within the stroma, although fibronectin is present earlier on the posterior stromal surface and lens. Several striking events occur together during the period of stromal condensation. An enzyme—hyaluronidase—appears, which may remove hyaluronic acid (HA), contributing to the dehydration that begins next to the endothelium and leads to the compaction of the posterior stroma. The dehydration of the stroma and acquisition of transparency are triggered by thyroxine. Thyroxine accelerates interdigitation of endothelial cells and conceivably tells this tissue to begin pumping water out of the cornea. The mitogenic effect of thyroxine on mammalian corneal epithelium in situ is mimicked by fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and epidermal growth factor (EFG), both of which stimulate stratification.

Development of the Vertebrate Cornea

Corneal and scleral collagens--a microscopist's perspective.

Glucosamine sulfate in osteoarthritis of the knee

The healing response of the cornea following excimer laser anterior keratomileusis (a 4-mm-diameter ablation to a depth of 11, 23, or 46 microns) was analyzed immunohistochemically in adult rhesus monkeys. The ablated surface had reepithelialized and the synthesis of type VII collagen (a major component of anchoring fibrils) was evident by 7 days; the reestablishment of a nearly continuous anchoring fibril zone was evident after 12 weeks. Stromal fibroblasts, activated in response to wounding, expressed a fetal antigen for approximately 6 weeks. Although fibronectin and type VII collagen were present only transiently in the regenerating subepithelial stromal matrix in the subepithelial regions, some other alterations, including the presence of type III collagen, increased levels of keratan sulfates, and discontinuities in the anchoring fibril zone were evident even 18 months after wounding. The depths of the regenerated stroma, which were estimated from the depths of remnant staining for type VII collagen in the stromal matrix, generally, but not always, corresponded to the depths of the calculated ablation.

https://jamanetwork.com/HttpHandlers/ArticlePdfHandler.ashx?journal=OPHTH&articleId=638757&pdfFileName=archopht_108_11_039.pdf

Healing of excimer laser ablated monkey corneas. An immunohistochemical evaluation.

Characterization of collagen from normal human sclera

Heterogeneity of the bovine corneal collagen

The effect of glycosaminoglycan polysulphate (GAGPS) upon the metabolism of proteoglycan (PG) and collagen in chick embryos and human cartilage was studied. GAGPS treatment caused an accumulation of studied compounds. According to the results with osteoarthrotic cartilages the marked increase of radioactivity in collagen and PG (mainly in the fraction containing glycoprotein link) is due to the inhibition of catabolic processes.

Contribution to the mode of action of glycosaminoglycan-polysulphate (GAGPS) upon human osteoarthrotic cartilage. Biochemical study of the collagen and proteoglycan turnover.

The effects of a number of classical and modern antirheumatics on the biosynthesis of glycosaminoglycans and collagen were studied comparatively. The experimental results indicate that the antirheumatics deeply affect the metabolism of the main components of connective tissue. With regard to the methods used for testing, it may be stated that phenylbutazone, flufenamic acid, ibuprofen, mefenamic acid and trimetazone belong to the most effective of the entire series of antirheumatics tested.

Effect of some antirheumatics on connective tissue components.

Cartilage bone-marrow extract has stimulated the collagen formation of articular as well as sternal cartilage collagen in chick embryo. Collagen biosynthesis has been stimulated also in other investigated tissues, i.e. in cornea and sclera of chick embryo as well as in sponge granuloma of rats, where mainly formation of collagen type I was stimulated. Glycosaminoglycans formation has also been increased after administration of cartilage bone-marrow extract.

Effect of Cartilage Bone-Marrow Extract on Articular Cartilage Collagen Formation

Diftalone showed a distinct inhibition effect on the collagen formation in sponge granuloma as well as in chick embryos articular cartilage. The inhibitory effect was expressed even in corneal and articular cartilage glycosaminoglycans (GAG) sulphation and GAG formation in granulation tissue. According to our previous results diftalone showed a similar inhibition of collagen and GAG biosynthesis as other effective antirheumatic drugs.

The effect of diftalone on collagen and glycosaminoglycans metabolism.

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