Removal of 99Tc(VII) by organo-modified bentonite

Water pollution not only affects water quality but also threats human health, economic developments & social prosperity Internationally there are number of attempts made to produce a method that meaningfully integrates the data sets and converts them into simple information called as Water Quality Index (WQI) Water quality indices are used as comprehensive evaluation instrument to assess the river water quality. Water quality index makes expert knowledge available to expert users and public in general. The indices are formulated based either on studies conducted by the indices developers or are formulated based on the Delphi technique which takes into account the opinion of experts or mathematical formulation or by using fuzzy logic. In this study the water quality index is developed by assigning relative weights to each parameter ranging from 1 to 6 based on the adverse effect of the water quality parameter on human health, its concentration with respect to other water quality parameters and method of treatment required. It includes twenty five water quality parameters such as Color water temperature, pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Turbidity, Suspended Solids (SS), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Hardness (TH), Total Alkalinity (TA), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), Chemical oxygen demand (COD), Sulfates (SO 4 - - ),, Chlorides, Total Phosphates ( TP - ), Calcium (Ca ++ ) , Magnesium (Mg ++ ), Fluorides Ammonium- Nitrogen (NH 3-N), Nitrate-Nitrogen (NO 3-N), Nitrite-Nitrogen (NO 2-N) Total coliform (TC), Fecal coliform (FC), Sodium (Na+) and Boron(B) Water quality is categorized into five levels based on the values of water quality index as Excellent (WQI = 95 to 100), Good (WQI = 80 to 94), Fair (WQI = 65 to 79), Marginal (WQI = 45 to 64) and Poor (WQI = 0 to 44). The sensitivity analysis shows that this WQI is not influenced by any one or few parameters but it is a combined effect of all the parameters. It is applied to Purna (Tapi) river basin of Maharashtra (India).

Development and sensitivity analysis of water quality index for evaluation of surface water for drinking purpose

Diversity of aquatic insects in relation to the physicochemical parameters of the river Buriganga and Shitalakhya were studied from January to December 2013. A total of 9,891 individuals of aquatic insects representing 22 families under 6 orders were collected and identified. Higher number of insects were recorded from the river Shitalakhya (5,493) than the river Buriganga (4,398). Representatives of the family Culicidae were found to be dominant in the river Buriganga (23.28%) than Shitalakhya (20.70%). Specimens under the order Ephemeroptera and Trichoptera were found only in the river Shitalakhya. The highest diversity of Shannon Weiner Index (2.98), Evenness (0.98) and Taxa Richness (0.98) were recorded in the river Shitalakhya than the river Buriganga. This indicated the less pollution and presence of higher diversity of aquatic insects in the Shitalakhya river. The highest temperature, pH, EC, TDS, COD was observed in Buriganga in dry season and highest DO was observed in Shitalakhya in monsoon. From the present investigation it may be concluded here that the river Buriganga was more polluted than the river Shitalakhya. Bangladesh J. Zool. 43 (1): 63-72, 2015

/pdf/abundance-of-aquatic-insects-in-relation-to-physico-chemical-30t42xxa7b.pdf

Abundance of aquatic insects in relation to physico-chemical parameters of two highly polluted Rivers Sitalakkhya and the Buriganga

An investigation was carried out to assess the water quality parameters of water supplied by Sylhet City Corporation (SCC).The supplied water quality is at risk to deteriorate during its flow through the delivery system and/or due to the possibility of high elemental concentration in ground water. In SCC, there are 23 pumps available that continually supply water for city dwellers. The parameter analyzed are like pH, turbidity, hardness, chloride, TDS (Total dissolved solid), arsenic, iron, FC (Fecal Coliform) and TC (Total Coliform). All results are compared with the World Health Organization (WHO), Bangladesh Standard (BD) and the Indian Standard Institute (ISI).The investigation discovers that the value of turbidity and iron in the location of Christian Mission designated by S-11 crosses the all three standard. The measurement of TDS and chloride shows that the values are within the safe limit. Analysis of arsenic and FC water quality parameter revealed that there are no arsenic and fecal coliform contamination. The water treatment facilities of SCC have to be enhanced; necessary steps should be taken to reduce the contamination and adequate treatment facility should be promoted.

/pdf/a-study-on-water-quality-parameters-of-water-supply-in-5da6b9pui8.pdf

A Study on Water Quality Parameters of Water Supply in Sylhet City Corporation Area

The extremely high rate of Evaporation from water surfaces day by day is reducing the optimal utilization of water reservoirs. The work presented in this study aims to investing the use of Chemical films as Evapo Suppretants for reduction of evaporation from the open water surface so as to increase the storage efficiency. Particular emphasis will be on practical procedures and techniques that professionals can use to estimate and/or to suppress evaporation from shallow water bodies. The natural evaporation loss taking place from pan evaporimeters of two alcohols were observed and compared. The important meteorological factors affecting the natural evaporation such as Temperature, Relative Humidity, Wind Velocity, Sunshine Hours, etc . were also observed. Cetyl and Stearyl Alcohols were selected to reduce the evaporation during the study period in Aurangabad region with two US Class-A evaporation pans. Different concentrations of Cetyl and Stearyl alcohols were used in different pans. First pan EP 1 was filled with water without adding chemical while in pan EP 2 alcohols was added. The preliminary results of the study indicated that evaporation rate from surface water was reduced overall upto 28% in pan EP 2 as compared to pan EP 1 while the Cetyl alcohol individually gives the average reduction is 27% and the Stearyl alcohol gives 27% and Both Cetyl and Stearyl Alcohol combine gives the average reduction is 30%. The Penman’s Equation is used to compare the evaporation values in evaporation pan 1.

Evaporation suppression from water surfaces using chemical films

This paper is aimed to determine the surface water quality in an around Sylhet City. We used surface water for our keen purpose. Surface water as well as ground water has been contaminated by humans. Nowadays, water pollution is a major global problem which requires ongoing evaluation and revision of water resource policy at all levels. In addition to the acute problems of water pollution in developing countries, developed countries continue to struggle with pollution problems as well. Discharges from various contaminated sources are a very common thing in city life which deteriorates the water quality of any main water source and necessary treatment is required to make water potable. Sylhet, one of the six divisional cities of Bangladesh is suffering from shortage of domestic water supply and adequate sewerage lines, drainage and solid waste disposal problems. This paper will focus on evaluation of the existing condition of surface water in Sylhet City and investigating some physical and chemical quality of water throughout the year 2008 to 2009. The selected parameters for assessing the water quality are pH, total dissolved solid (TDS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), dissolved oxygen (DO), ammonia nitrogen, nitrate and turbidity in the vicinity of Sylhet City.
	
		 
	
		Key words: Ammonia, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), coliform, dissolved oxygen (DO), treatment, pH.

Surface water quality and risk assessment in the vicinity of Sylhet City

Dhaka is one of the most densely-populated cities in the world. All the economic activities in Bangladesh are Dhaka centric. Water supply problem is acute in this city. This work is on assessment of the water quality of rivers in and around Dhaka city over the years. Mainly, this paper deals with the present scenario of surface water quality and comparison with the past scenario of water quality among the Buriganga, Shitalakhya, Turag, Balu River and Tangi Khal. Besides, this study will also observe the seasonal fluctuation of water quality parameters of this river. From the study it is found that, maximum Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) in the Buriganga River during February in 2010 and 2011. Maximum Dissolved Oxygen (DO) observed in the year of 2010 was 10 mg/l in the Turag River. On the other hand, the Turbidity was found, varies from 7.0 to 85.0. Effluent Treatment Plants (ETP) is urgently needed to tenderize the concentration of industrial pollutants, supposed to be disposed to the River.

Analysis and comparision of surface water quality parameters in and around dhaka city

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Surface water quality and risk assessment in the vicinity of Sylhet City

Analysis and comparision of surface water quality parameters in and around dhaka city