The existing literature on the prevalence of drug driving, the effects of drugs on driving performance, risk factors and risk perceptions associated with drug driving was reviewed. The 12-month pre...

A review of drug use and driving: epidemiology, impairment, risk factors and risk perceptions

Effects of Alcohol and Other Drugs on Driver Performance

Drugged driving in the Nordic countries–: a comparative study between five countries

This paper analyses the aggregate relationships between traffic accidents and real economic activity in Spain during the last 30 years. Our general approach is based on two basic assumptions: (1) the number of accidents depends on the use of cars and other exogenous variables, and (2) the level of economic activity affects variation in the stock of cars, as well as degree of utilization. We propose a novel turning point characterization for monthly seasonal data that allows to check whether economic and road accident cycles coincide and, to date the beginning and end of their respective cycles. Empirical results from this section are important in establishing posterior causal models and whether or not economic activity and road accidents have a common component in the long run and a varying lead-lag relationship, depending on the cycles. These models will be the basis to check when Spain will achieve the European Union figures in terms of the fatalities/accidents ratio under different scenarios. Empirical results as well as historical experiences from other European countries proved that reducing fatalities is not only a question of diminishing accidents rates.

The relationship between road traffic accidents and real economic activity in Spain: common cycles and health issues

Presence of illegal drugs in drivers involved in fatal road traffic accidents in Spain.

This paper describes a study carried out in Spain to determine the occurence of medicines and/or illegal drugs in people killed in road accidents. The specific aims were to characterise the presence of differnt groups of substances, determine at what levels they occurred and whether they were found alone or with other substances. Medicines and illegal drugs were found in around 14% of the samples tested. The most common substances were cocaine among the illegal drugs and benzodiazepines among the medications. For the covering abstract see IRRD 893732.

Drugs other than alcohol (medicines and illicit drugs) in people involved in fatal road accidents in spain

The aim of this article was to assess the presence of alcohol and illicit drugs among Spanish drivers involved in fatal road accidents between 1991 and 1998. In addition, in this study the results from alcohol breath tests carried out on Spanish motor vehicle operators between 1989-1998 are also analysed. The results show that the presence of psychoactive substances in motor vehicle operators is frequent; a clear trend could not be established for the period analysed, although a trend is observed towards a decrease in the frequency with which some type of psychoactive substance was detected (58.7% in 1991, 50.8% in 1998), with the same for alcohol (51.3% in 1991, 43.2% in 1998). As far as alcohol breath tests given to motor vehicle operators are concerned, these have been positive in 3.5% of cases in 1998. The percentage of positive tests has been increasing as years go by, especially in those tests given to drivers involved in accidents and in traffic offences (1989-1997). For the covering abstract see ITRD E106992.

Alcohol and illicit drugs among spanish drivers

Studies carried out since the 1930s have indicated a strong relationship between increases in blood alcohol concentration in a motor-vehicle driver and increases in the risk of his/her involvement in a road crash and related morbidity and mortality. Two out of every three European citizens who are old enough to drive do so and about 47% of European drivers drink alcohol at least once per week. When drivers were interviewed, 10% said that they might drive while over the legal limit in their country, and it is estimated that 3-4% of journeys by car involve drivers with a blood alcohol of 0.5 gr/l or more. About 5% or less of drivers cause 20% of traffic accidents where there are serious or fatal injuries while under the influence of alcohol. The problem of drink-driving is of special relevance in Spain. This is not only due to the fact that it is normal to consume alcohol and, consequently to drive under the influence of alcohol, but also to Spain's alcohol-related culture: its society is very permissive towards consumption and is tolerant towards alcohol-related problems. (A) For the covering abstract see IRRD 893732.

Alcohol involvement in fatal road accidents in spain

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Drugs other than alcohol (medicines and illicit drugs) in people involved in fatal road accidents in spain

Alcohol and illicit drugs among spanish drivers

Alcohol involvement in fatal road accidents in spain