An experimental study of crevice corrosion behaviour of 316L stainless steel in artificial seawater

An extremely reliable remote control system for subsea blowout preventer stack is developed based on the off-the-shelf triple modular redundancy system. To meet a high reliability requirement, various redundancy techniques such as controller redundancy, bus redundancy and network redundancy are used to design the system hardware architecture. The control logic, human-machine interface graphical design and redundant databases are developed by using the off-the-shelf software. A series of experiments were performed in laboratory to test the subsea blowout preventer stack control system. The results showed that the tested subsea blowout preventer functions could be executed successfully. For the faults of programmable logic controllers, discrete input groups and analog input groups, the control system could give correct alarms in the human-machine interface.

Development of an automatic subsea blowout preventer stack control system using PLC based SCADA.

This paper presents an application of deterministic and stochastic Petri nets (DSPN) to evaluate the performance of subsea blowout preventer (BOP) system. The overall subsea BOP system is comprised of five mechanical subsystems and five electrical subsystems, which can be viewed as a series-parallel system. In regard to common cause failures, TimeNET 4.0 toolkit is utilized to develop and analyze the DSPN models. Availability and reliability of the subsea BOP system and its subsystems are obtained. Besides, the effects of failure rate and repair time of each component on system performance are researched.

Application of Petri nets to performance evaluation of subsea blowout preventer system

An analytical optimization approach of the submersible solenoid valve constrained in a specific small volume is presented. In order to maximum the electromagnetic force, thermal model and electromagnetic model are constructed, and five radial dimensions are optimized when the main limiting quantity is the maximum allowed temperature. A numerical optimization calculation is performed in order to verify the proposed analytical approach. The optimal solution of the numerical calculation is compared with the solution of the analytical approach, which shows a good agreement between the two methods. A thermal analysis of the optimal submersible solenoid valve based on AYSYS is also performed to verify the thermal model. A comparative study between the experimental and simulated static characteristics of the optimal submersible solenoid valve is also performed. The results show that the proposed analytical approach is correct.

Optimization of Submersible Solenoid Valves for Subsea Blowout Preventers

As offshore oil and gas exploration moves further offshore and into deeper waters to reach hydrocarbon reserves, it is becoming essential for the industry to develop more reliable and efficient hydraulic accumulators to supply pressured hydraulic fluid for various control and actuation operations, such as closing rams of blowout preventers and controlling subsea valves on the seafloor. By utilizing the shape memory effect property of nitinol, which is a type of shape memory alloy (SMA), an innovative SMA actuated hydraulic accumulator prototype has been developed and successfully tested at Smart Materials and Structure Laboratory at the University of Houston. Absence of gas in the developed SMA accumulator prototype makes it immune to hydrostatic head loss caused by water depth and thus reduces the number of accumulators required in deep water operations. Experiments with a feedback control have demonstrated that the proposed SMA actuated accumulator can provide precisely regulated pressurized fluids. Furthermore the potential use of ultracapacitors along with an embedded system to control the electric power supplied to SMA allows this accumulator to be an autonomous device for deployment. The developed SMA accumulator will make deepwater oil extraction systems more compact and cost effective.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0964-1726/25/4/045012/pdf

Shape memory alloy actuated accumulator for ultra-deepwater oil and gas exploration

Ultra-deepwater drilling activity is at an all time high. Recently, there were only two rigs rated to, and actually working in, water depths greater than 6,000 ft. Soon there will be over twenty. This increase will involve new deepwater operators and bring a large number of new people to deepwater. This paper presents some of the problems that have occurred in deepwater operations under the assumption that an understanding of what can go wrong is the best way to avoid problems. It will identify these problems and discuss the critical topics of rig positioning, environmental considerations, BOP control, riser management, well control, wellbore construction, production problems, and personnel training and safety.

Problems of Ultra-Deepwater Drilling

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Problems of Ultra-Deepwater Drilling