Challenges and enablers for large-scale CO2 storage in chalk formations

https://pure.hw.ac.uk/ws/files/15146951/1_s2.0_S187551001730104X_main_1_.pdf

Seismic assisted history matching using binary maps

This paper presents a history matching scheme that has been applied to production data and time lapse seismic data. The production data objective function is calculated using the conventional least squares method between the historical production data and simulation predictions, while the seismic objective function uses the Hamming distance between two binary images of the gas distribution (presence of gas (1) or absence of gas (0)) sequenced over the different acquisition times. The technique is applied to a UKCS (United Kingdom Continental Shelf) field that has deep-water tertiary turbidite sands and multiple stacked reservoirs defining some degree of compartmentalisation. Thirty five parameters are perturbed in this history match, they can be classified as volumetric parameters (net-to-gross, pore volume), transmissibility parameters (permeability, transmissibility), and end points of the relative permeability curves (critical saturation points). An initial ensemble of fluid flow simulation models is created where the full range of uncertain parameters are acknowledged using experimental design methods, and an evolutionary algorithm is used for optimization in the history matching process. It is found that permeability and critical gas saturation are key parameters for achieving a good history match, and that the volumetric parameters are not significant for this match in this particular reservoir. We also observe that matching only to production data marginally improves the seismic match, whilst matching to only seismic data improves the fit to production data. Combining both sets of data delivers an improvement for the production data and seismic data, as well as an overall reduction in the uncertainties. A unique feature of this technique is the use of the Hamming distance metric for seismic data history matching analysis, as this circumvents the use of the uncertain petroelastic model. This approach is easy to implement, and also helps achieve an effective global history match.

Seismic Assisted History Matching Using Binary Image Matching

Increasing reservoir connectivity to the wellbore and bypassing the damaged area is crucial in improving the productivity of the wells and enhancing the swept area. This has become feasibl...

Experimental Investigation of Drilling Lateral Boreholes in Chalk Rocks with High-Pressure Jets

Binary 4D seismic history matching, a metric study

The quick turnaround of seismic processing of a 4D time lapse survey over the Halfdan oil field allowed for interpretation and integration of the new 4D results seven weeks after completion of the seismic acquisition. Analysis of the first fast track 4D dataset led to improved processing parameters and an additional demultiple application which yielded a significantly improved fast track dataset 11 weeks after the seismic acquisition was completed. The repeat 4D seismic survey was acquired in the summer of 2012 in order to provide a better understanding of the sweep efficiency from the line drive water flood, guide future well interventions and improve the reservoir model. The baseline 3D seismic data was acquired in 1992/1993, prior to field development, and the first monitor 3D seismic was acquired in 2005. The rock physics model shows that
increased water saturation due to the water flooding along the injectors in the Tor oil-bearing reservoir dominates the 4D change in acoustic impedance yielding a hardening response. The rock physics model was used to convert the reservoir model pressure and saturation changes from the three time-steps to modelled acoustic impedance changes. Examples will be shown from the 4D time lapse and the reservoir model acoustic impedance changes.

The impact of a quick 4D seismic survey and processing over the Halfdan Field, Danish North Sea

This paper presents an integrated 4D inversion approach applied in a two vintage regional and multi-vintage field specific 4D processing project during 2013. The most recent regional monitor survey was recorded in 2012. At first we give an overview of the area and available data volumes and introduce a chalk rock physics model to show which 4D changes are to be expected. The 4D inversion workflow is based around a deterministic geostatistical inversion scheme. A time strain inversion is used to obtain a time aligned monitor survey and aligned differences between the 4D processed vintages. In addition, the time strain information is used as prior model information when inverting for 4D impedance changes. Legacy data volumes used in earlier 4D projects were re-inverted with the same deterministic geostatistical inversion algorithm for comparison with the 2013 reprocessed datasets. Altogether thirty main inversion projects were executed within 14 months. We compare inversion results for several processing outputs and also compare adjacent fields. The quick turnaround made possible by the fast inversion software allows the asset teams very early on to interpret and include these data into the daily workflow, well planning or well interventions.

Integrated 4D Inversion Approach in Danish Chalk Fields

A new repeat time lapse seismic survey was acquired in 2012 over the Halfdan Cretaceous Chalk Formation oil field, and the 800 km2 surrounding area, located in the Danish North Sea Central Graben, approximately 250 km west of the Danish west coast. The main objectives of the repeat 4D were to understand the lateral and vertical sweep, identify unswept areas, guide future well interventions and to clarify the reservoir model. A key technical objective of the new time lapse was to deliver a fast track 4D difference volume 11 weeks after the last shot with the aim to influence further processing steps and quickly integrate the 4D into the asset management. The volumes were quickly compared with the simulation data and the previous 2005 time lapse seismic focusing on the changes in lateral & vertical sweep. Field-wide and reservoir specific examples of the time lapse response from 2005 to 2012 are presented.

Quick Impact of New 4D over the Halfdan Field, Danish North Sea

4D Seismic as a Tool to Support Well and Reservoir Management: Danish Chalk Field Examples

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The impact of a quick 4D seismic survey and processing over the Halfdan Field, Danish North Sea

Integrated 4D Inversion Approach in Danish Chalk Fields

Quick Impact of New 4D over the Halfdan Field, Danish North Sea

4D Seismic as a Tool to Support Well and Reservoir Management: Danish Chalk Field Examples