Fundamentals of Materials Science

Atomic force microscopy of biomaterials surfaces and interfaces

The purpose of this study was to determine if hydrophobic resins can be coaxed into dentin wet with ethanol instead of water. The test hypothesis was that dentin wet with ethanol would produce higher bond strengths for hydrophobic resins than would dentin wet with water. This study examined the microtensile bond strength of 5 experimental adhesives (50 wt% ethanol/50% comonomers) of various degrees of hydrophilicity to acid-etched dentin that was left moist with water, moist with ethanol, or air-dried. Following composite buildups, hourglass-shaped slabs were prepared from the bonded teeth for microtensile testing. For all 3 types of dentin surfaces, higher bond strengths were achieved with increased resin hydrophilicity. The lowest bond strengths were obtained on dried dentin, while the highest bond strengths were achieved when dentin was bonded moist with ethanol. Wet-bonding with ethanol achieved higher bond strengths with hydrophobic resins than were possible with water-saturated matrices.

/pdf/effects-of-resin-hydrophilicity-on-dentin-bond-strength-3tmpivy5is.pdf

Effects of Resin Hydrophilicity on Dentin Bond Strength

Abstract Irrigation is considered the primary means of cleaning and disinfection of the root canal system. The purpose of this review was to set the framework for the obstacles that irrigation needs to overcome, to critically appraise currently used irrigants and irrigation methods, to highlight knowledge gaps and methodological limitations in the available studies and to provide directions for future developments. Organization of bacteria in biofilms located in anatomic intricacies of the root canal system and the difficulty to eliminate them is the main challenge for irrigants. Sodium hypochlorite remains the primary irrigant of choice, but it needs to be supplemented by a chelator. Delivery of the irrigants using a syringe and needle and activation by an ultrasonic file are the most popular irrigation methods. There is no evidence that any adjunct irrigation method, including ultrasonic activation, can improve the long‐term outcome of root canal treatment beyond what can be achieved by instrumentation and syringe irrigation. It is necessary to redefine the research priorities in this field and investigate in greater depth the penetration of the irrigants, their effect on the biofilm and the long‐term treatment outcome. New studies must also focus on clinically relevant comparisons, avoid methodological flaws and have sufficiently large sample sizes to reach reliable conclusions. Future multidisciplinary efforts combining the knowledge from basic sciences such as Chemistry, Microbiology and Fluid Dynamics may lead to more effective antimicrobials and improved activation methods to bring them closer to the residual biofilm in the root canal system.

Present status and future directions – irrigants and irrigation methods

Plasma in dentistry.

Adhesion of restorative and protective materials to dentin is an important requirement for operative and preventive dentistry. Wettability and roughness are dentin substrate conditions that are critical to establishing good adhesion. This study examined superficial and deep dentin for variations in water contact angle measurements and roughness for polished, etched, dehydrated, and rehydrated states. Superficial and deep dentin disks from 6 non-carious third molars were prepared for AFM (Atomic Force Microscope) observation, roughness measurement, and contact angle measurements following specific treatments: hydrated and polished, etched (10% H3P04), dehydrated (desiccator for 24 hrs); and rehydrated (in water for 24 hrs). Contact angles were measured by means of the ADSA (Axisymmetric Drop Shape Analysis) technique with filtered and purified water of surface tension 72.79 ergs/cm2. The AFM was used to quantify the intertubular roughness. Mean and SD of roughness and contact angle were calculated for each...

Acid-etching and Hydration Influence on Dentin Roughness and Wettability

Adhesion ofrestorative andprotective materials to dentin isanimportant requirement foroperative andpre- ventive dentistry. Wettability androughness aredentin sub- strate conditions thatarecritical toestablishing good adhesion. Thisstudy examined superficial anddeepdentin forvariations inwatercontact angle measurements and roughness forpolished, etched, dehydrated, andrehydrated states. Superficial anddeepdentin disks from6non-carious third molarswereprepared forAFM (Atomic Force Microscope) observation, roughness measurement, andcon- tactangle measurements following specific treatments: hydrated andpolished, etched (10%H3PO4), dehydrated (desiccator for24hrs); andrehydrated (inwaterfor24hrs). Contact angles weremeasured bymeansoftheADSA (Axisymmetric DropShapeAnalysis) technique withfil- tered andpurified waterofsurface tension 72.79 ergs/cm2. TheAFM wasusedtoquantify theintertubular roughness. MeanandSDofroughness andcontact angle werecalcu- lated foreachdentin state, andtwo-way Repeated Measures ANOVAwithTukey's HSDmultiple comparisons wereper- formed atp <0.05. Wetting androughness bothincreased after etching, withroughness tending toincrease further whilewettability dramatically decreased after desiccation. After rehydration, watercontact angle values wereequiva- lent tothose oftheetched condition. Although intertubular roughness didnotdependondepth, lower watercontact angles werefound fordeepdentin. Depthanddehydration resulted inaltered dentinsubstrates withexposed hydrophobic moieties that could interfere withbonding to hydrophilic primer coats.

Acid-etching andHydration Influence onDentin Roughness andWettability

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Acid-etching and Hydration Influence on Dentin Roughness and Wettability

Acid-etching andHydration Influence onDentin Roughness andWettability