In the last two decades our understanding of the important physiologic role of the thymus within the immune system has improved dramatically: In the early sixties it was established that the thymus regulated the development of the immune system and that neonatal thymectomy.resu!ted in a marked progressive depression of the immune system usually leading to death of the animals by ovei'whelm!ng infections [4, 59, 65\"]. It was then found that partial or complete restoration of the immune function could occur following, implantation, of thymus glands [24\"] or cellimpermeable Millipore diffusion cha.mbers containing normal thymus tissue [61, 72] or thymomas [90], or by celt-free thymic extracts [36, 41,973. As the first reports of restoration and/or modificatidn of immune functions were reported [5, 36, 60, 981, it became clear that the thymus had an endocrine function and that it secreted a family of hormone-like polypeptides which have been collectively named thymic hormones (TH). It is now very well established that these hormones are produced by the thymic epithelial cells [48, 49, 5I], and that at least some of them are released into the bloodstream [62, 67, 70\"1. Recent studies have shown that cells from other organs, such as brain [45.] and spleen [47, 55], are also able to produce some peptides similar in sequence and properties to some TH, indicating that in addition to their influence in the thymic microenviroment, TH may act in a hormone-like fashion in other parts of the body as well. Although considerable progress has been made in this area, the mechanisms by which the thymus regulates the development of a competent immune system in health and its role in disease are only beginning to be understood at the biochemical, cellular, and molecular levels. There are extensive reviews in the literature [7, 37, 39, 63, 81-83, 88, 91,106] to which the reader is referred for detailed information covering the studies that have lead to the current knowledge of the physiology of the thymus gland and its

Thymic hormones : a clinical update

The topical application to the ocular surface or adjacent regions of the eye of a preparation containing a therapeutic amount of an androgen or androgen analogue is disclosed as a method of relieving the chronic and acute manifestation of dry eye symptoms in Sj ogren's syndrome.

Ocular androgen therapy in sjögren's syndrome.

Studies of the thymus in mice bearing the Lewis lung carcinoma. II. Modulation of thymic natural killer activity by thymulin (FTS-Zn) and the antimetastatic effect of zinc.

In vitro modulation of mouse natural killer (NK) cell activity by the serum thymic factor (FTS).

Thymic reticulum of autoimmune mice II: Ultrastructural studies of mice with lupus-like syndrome (NZB, BXSB, MRLl)

Thymic function in NZB mice. IV. Role of thymus secretion and sex factors in the expression of suppression.

Thymic function in NZB mice. V. Decreased NK activity in NZB mice treated with a circulating thymic factor.

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Thymic function in NZB mice. IV. Role of thymus secretion and sex factors in the expression of suppression.

Thymic function in NZB mice. V. Decreased NK activity in NZB mice treated with a circulating thymic factor.