Stress-mitigating behavior of glycine betaine to enhance growth performance by suppressing the oxidative stress in Pb-stressed barley genotypes

Glutathione Alleviates Chromium Stress and Promotes Growth of Pisum sativum L. by Improving Nutrient Orchestration, Proline, and Physiochemical Attributes

Weeds are one of the most damaging biotic stresses in crop production, and drought and salinity are considered the most serious abiotic stresses. These factors harmfully affect growth and development in several vegetable and field crops by causing harmful effects on physiological and biochemical characteristics such as water uptake, photosynthesis, relative water content, electrolyte leakage, and antioxidant compounds linked with oxidative stress and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These oxidative stress-related components affect most physiological and biochemical characteristics in plants under natural conditions and environmental stresses, especially weed infestation, salinity, and drought stress. ROS such as superoxide (O2•−), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), peroxyl radical (ROO•), and singlet oxygen (1O2) are very important molecules produced naturally as by-products of metabolic processes in chloroplasts, mitochondria, peroxisomes, and the apoplast. Under stress conditions such as weed infestation, drought and salinity, the morphological and yield characteristics of stressed plants are negatively affected; however, superoxide (O2•−) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) are significantly increased. The negative impact of weeds can be mitigated with integrated controls which include herbicides, allelopathy, and crop rotation as well as the different methods for weed control. The defense system in various crops mainly depends on both enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants. The enzymatic antioxidants include superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, and catalase; nonenzymatic antioxidants include ascorbic acid, carotenoids, α-Tocopherols, proline, glutathione, phenolics, and flavonoids. These antioxidant components can scavenge various ROS under several stresses, particularly weeds, drought and salinity. In this review, our objective is to shed light on integrated weeds management and plant tolerance to salinity and drought stresses associated with the ROS and the induction of antioxidant components to increase plant growth and yield in the vegetable and field crops.

/pdf/physiological-and-biochemical-changes-in-vegetable-and-field-1ummui5e.pdf

Physiological and Biochemical Changes in Vegetable and Field Crops under Drought, Salinity and Weeds Stresses: Control Strategies and Management

. Soils with chromium (Cr) pollution are significantly increasing globally. Therefore, proper measures should be opted for to restrict its entry into food crops. Glycinebetaine (GB)-induced tolerance in plants against different abiotic stresses has been well documented, but still little evidence is available concerning its potential to increase the tolerance of pea against Cr stress. Therefore, this study determined the impact of GB application in increasing Cr tolerance in pea ( Pisum sativum ). The experiment was comprised of three concentrations of Cr (0 mM, 0.25 mM, and 0.50 mM) and two levels of foliar-applied GB (0 and 50 mM). Chromium stress led to a significant reduction in growth, biomass production, and photosynthetic pigments however, Cr stress increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Exogenously applied GB reduced the deleterious impacts of Cr stress on pea and increased growth, biomass production, and photosynthetic pigments. Moreover, GB reduced ROS production and Cr accumulation in plant roots and shoots by increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes (APX, CAT, POD and SOD) and consequently increased growth and plant biomass production. In conclusion, beneficial effects of GB under Cr stress were attributed to reduced Cr uptake, enhanced photosynthetic pigment and enzymatic activities and less ROS production.

Exogenously applied glycinebetaine alleviates chromium toxicity in pea by reducing cr uptake and improving antioxidant defense system

Mineralogically, acid mine drainage consists of minerals such as silica, iron silicate, magnesium, sodium, potassium and sulfide. These minerals can undergo oxidation (especially pyrite oxidation) to form acidic salts with a pH of 2.8-3.4. Moringa seed powder activity test were performed by adding 30% H2O2 to coal waste water treatment; Moringa seed powder was added to 2 L of coal waste water and stirred for 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 minutes. Observations were analyzed using the AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectofotometry) to measure the quality of degraded waste water and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The results showed that the pH value reached 7.6 in the addition of H2O2 at the mixing time of 250 minutes, the TSS level reached 0 at the stirring period of 250 minutes without the addition of Moringa oleifera powder, while the addition of H2O2 and Moringa oleifera seed powder decreased heavy metals with an average of 69.06%at the stirring period of 100 minutes.Â Â 

The utilization of moringa (moringa oleifera) seed powder as a biocoagulant and flocculant in waste water treatment coal mining industry

The Neutrosophic number is defined to solve the vagueness of the real-life problem and to analysis the indeterminacy of the problem, the paper defines a special single valued Decagonal Neutrosophic number and De-Neutrosophication formula are formulated using the removal area method and a numerical practical example is illustrated of network path edges using Neutrosophic number.

Special Single Valued Decagonal Neutrosophic Number and its Applications

: Photonics-based technologies are key players in a number of emerging applications in the terahertz (THz) field. These solutions exploit the well-known advantages of optical devices, such as ultra-wide tuneability and direct integration with fiber networks. However, THz receivers are mainly implemented by fully electronic solutions, where Schottky barrier diodes (SBD) are the preferred option as detectors and mixers due to their excellent response within the THz range at room temperature, and technological maturity. Here, we demonstrate an SBD-based subharmonic mixer (SHM) at 300 GHz pumped with a photonic local oscillator. The Schottky mixer is a prototype designed and manufactured by ACST GmbH , operating at 270-320 GHz. The local oscillator is generated by photomixing on a high-frequency and high-power uni-travelling-carrier photodiode (UTC-PD), providing enough power to saturate conversion loss. Minimum single-side-band conversion loss of 14.4 dB and a peak dynamic range of 130 dB have been measured. Finally, as a proof of concept we realize an all-photonics-based 5 Gbps wireless bridge, utilizing the optically-pumped SBD mixer. With this work, we prove the feasibility of high-performance hybrid Schottky-photonic THz receivers, incorporating the best of both worlds.

Photonically-driven Schottky diode based 0.3 THz heterodyne receiver

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Exogenously applied glycinebetaine alleviates chromium toxicity in pea by reducing cr uptake and improving antioxidant defense system

The utilization of moringa (moringa oleifera) seed powder as a biocoagulant and flocculant in waste water treatment coal mining industry

Special Single Valued Decagonal Neutrosophic Number and its Applications

Photonically-driven Schottky diode based 0.3 THz heterodyne receiver