Several insect pests are related to the cultivation of conilon coffee, Coffea canephora (Rubiaceae), including (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha). Coccoids damage plants by sucking their sap, producing honeydew, and transmitting viruses. Parasitoids and predators are natural enemies that regulate the insect population and can be used in mealybug biological control. This study aimed to survey scale insects and natural enemies associated with C. canephora in the city of Jaboticabal, São Paulo State, Brazil. Two species of mealybugs from the family Coccidae and three from the family Pseudococcidae were collected in different plant structures. Natural enemies collected comprised hymenopteran parasitoids from the families Aphelinidae, Eulophidae, Encyrtidae, and Perilampidae; predator beetles of the family Coccinellidae; dipterans from the family Cecidomyiidae; and thrips of the family Aeolothripidae. This is the first report of the mealybug species Coccus brasiliensis, Pseudococcus longispinus, and Pseudococcus cryptus; of the parasitoids Coccophagus rusti, Aprostocetus sp., Aenasius advena, Aenasius fusciventris, Aenasius pseudococci, and Perilampus sp.; and of the predators Cycloneda conjugata, Pseudoazya nana, Diadiplosis coccidivora, Diadiplosis sp., and Franklinothrips vespiformis, associated with C. canephora. Knowledge of mealybug species and their respective natural enemies will contribute to biological control strategies in planning the integrated management of mealybugs associated with conilon coffee.

https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/13/4/829/pdf?version=1680607546

Scale Insects and Natural Enemies Associated with Conilon Coffee (Coffea canephora) in São Paulo State, Brazil

.— A survey of the parasitoid species of black scale, Saissetia oleae (Olivier), in California central valley olive orchards revealed that two recently imported parasitoids, Prococcophagus probus Annecke & Mynhardt and Coccophagus rusti Compere, have become established. These South African parasitoids were released from 1979 to 1983. During the release period, neither parasitoid was recovered. However, subsequent to the release, surveys of distribution of these species revealed that both had become established. In the first survey (1984-1987), 23 commercial olive orchards located in Tehama, Glenn, Madera, and Tulare Counties, were sampled. A second survey (1988-1990) included seven olive orchards located in Tehama and Madera Counties, and black scale infestations on selected ornamental olive and oleander plants in Tehama, Colusa, Sutter, Glenn, and Butte Counties. Prococcophagus probus and C. rusti were reared from black scale infested olive and oleander plants in Tehama County. Recovery of these species, over the three years after the last release, provides evidence of their establishment in the Sacramento Valley.

Parasitoids of black scale in california: establishment of prococcophagus probus

Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA; cpierce@physics.ucsc.edu, joel@scipp.ucsc.edu National Optical Astronomical Observatories, 950 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA; lotz@noao.edu Leo Goldberg Fellow UCO/Lick Observatory; Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA; eslaird, faber, koo, kai@ucolick.org Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan; lihwai@ucolick.org Astrophysics Group, Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Rd., London SW7 2AW, UK; k.nandra, a.georgakakis@imperial.ac.uk Santa Cruz Institute of Particle Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden St., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; pbarmby, spark, willner@cfa.harvard.edu Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3055, STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada; gwyn@beluga.phys.uvic.ca Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, 933 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; acoil@as.arizona.edu, cnaw@ucolick.org Hubble Fellow Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, Campbell Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; cooper@astro.berkeley.edu Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; koekemoe@stsci.edu Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; bjw@ucolick.org

06 08 38 1 v 1 1 7 A ug 2 00 6 AEGIS : Host Galaxy Morphologies of X-ray and Infrared – selected AGN at 0 . 2 ≤ z < 1 . 2

The Ultra High Energy Cosmic Ray (UHECR), by νr-Z showering in Hot Dark Halos (HDM), should exhibits an energy spectra and an anisotropy reflecting (also) the relic neutrino masses and their hierarchical HDM halo clustering. The lighter are the relic ν masses, the higher their corresponding Z resonance energy peaks and their hadronic UHECR tails, the wider their dark halos and the smaller their clustering density contrast (and their interaction probability). A twin light neutrino mass splitting may reflect to twin Z resonance and into a complex UHECR spectra modulation (a twin bump) at the edge at highest GZK energy cut-off. Each possible ν mass associates a characteristic dark halo size (galactic, local, super cluster) and its local anisotropy due to our peculiar position within that dark matter distribution. The expected Z or WW,ZZ showering into p p̄ but also n n̄ should imprint a peculiar matter-anti matter symmetry in observed UHECR clustering. A ν HDM halo around a Mpc will allow to the UHECR n n̄ secondary component at En > 10 20 eV (due to Z decay) to arise playing a role comparable with the charged p p̄ ones. Their un-deflected n n̄ (or decayed p p̄) flight is shorter leading to a prompt and hard UHECR trace pointing toward the original UHECR source direction. The direct p p̄ pairs are split and spread by random magnetic fields into a more diluted and smeared UHECR signal around the original source direction. TeVs signals by synchrotron radiation must also mark the Z-WW Showering. The UHE νZ showering signatures may be already found in recent (and future) events in AGASA (and Auger) data. The observed hard doublet and triplets spectra, their time and space clustering already favour the rising key role of UHECR n n̄ secondaries originated by ν-Z tail shower

Clustering , Anisotropy , Spectra of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Ray : Fingerprints of Relic Neutrinos Masses in Dark Halos

Callistochiton righii is reviewed based on preserved specimens collected in northeastern Brazil. A complement­ ary description based on detailed anatomical data is presented and comparisons with other local species are provided. Its distribution is extended about 2,200km northward and about 1,000km southward compared to the previously known range.

Review of callistochiton righii from brazil

13 While it is assumed that chicken embryos acquire the ability for nociception during the developmental 14 period in the egg, an exact time point has not yet been specified. This study aimed to determine the 15 onset of nociception during embryonic development in chicken. Changes in blood pressure and heart 16 rate (HR) in response to a mechanical noxious stimulus at the base of the beak versus a light touch on 17 the beak in chicken embryos between embryonic days (EDs) 7 and 18 were examined. Mean arterial 18 pressure (MAP) was the most sensitive parameter for assessing cardiovascular responses. Significant 19 changes in MAP in response to a noxious stimulus were detected in embryos at ED16 to ED18, while 20 significant changes in HR were observed on ED17 and ED18. Infiltration anesthesia with the local 21 anesthetic lidocaine significantly reduced reactions in MAP on ED18, so the cardiovascular changes can 22 be assumed to be nociceptive responses. 23

Analysis of cardiovascular responses to a mechanical noxious 1 stimulus 2

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