"A Problem from Hell": America and the Age of Genocide

Recently, the world witnessed a significant increase in the number of used drones, with a global and continuous rise in the demand for their multi-purpose applications. The pervasive aspect of these drones is due to their ability to answer people’s needs. Drones are providing users with a bird’s eye that can be activated and used almost anywhere and at any time. However, recently, the malicious use of drones began to emerge among criminals and cyber-criminals alike. The probability and frequency of these attacks are both high and their impact can be very dangerous with devastating effects. Therefore, the need for detective, protective and preventive counter-measures is highly required. The aim of this survey is to investigate the emerging threats of using drones in cyber-attacks, along the countermeasures to thwart these attacks. The different uses of drones for malicious purposes are also reviewed, along the possible detection methods. As such, this paper analyzes the exploitation of drones vulnerabilities within communication links, as well as smart devices and hardware, including smart-phones and tablets. Moreover, this paper presents a detailed review on the drone/Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) usage in multiple domains (i.e civilian, military, terrorism, etc.) and for different purposes. A realistic attack scenario is also presented, which details how the authors performed a simulated attack on a given drone following the hacking cycle. This review would greatly help ethical hackers to understand the existing vulnerabilities of UAVs in both military and civilian domains. Moreover, it allows them to adopt and come up with new techniques and technologies for enhanced UAV attack detection and protection. As a result, various civilian and military anti-drones/UAVs (detective and preventive) countermeasures will be reviewed.

Security analysis of drones systems: Attacks, limitations, and recommendations

Negative of an art work depicting a dead American Soldier. The work has two titles - "Weep No More My Ladies" (title by artist) or "An American Soldier" (title on card attached beneath the image). Govt. Catalog # H.D.7.70.45. Place: Clark Field. Data: attached card info- An American rifleman dead on Clark Field in the Ft. Stotsenberg Area where the Jap made a desperate but futile stand to halt the sweep of Allied Forces on the road to Manila. Pen and ink and watercolor, 30 x 20. By Captain Barse Miller, CE, January 27, 1945.

An American Soldier.

?Por que los constructores internacionales de la paz no toman en consideracion las causas locales de los procesos de paz que fallan? A traves del presente articulo demuestro como las agendas locales jugaron entonces un rol decisivo en fomentar la violencia a nivel local, regional y nacional. Sin embargo, la existencia de un marco de construccion de la paz posbelica configuraba la vision internacional de la violencia y de la intervencion de tal manera que la resolucion del conflicto local era considerada como irrelevante e ilegitima. Este marco incluyo enseguida cuatro elementos fundamentales: los actores internacionales etiquetaron la situacion en Congo de “postconflicto”; estos mismos actores creyeron que la violencia constituia un componente innato en la sociedad congolesa y, por lo tanto, aceptable incluso en tiempos de paz; conceptualizaron la intervencion internacional como un asunto exclusivo de la esferas nacional e internacional; y consideraron la celebracion de elecciones, en lugar de la resolucion del conflicto local, como una herramienta viable, apropiada y efectiva para la construccion  del estado y de la paz. Este marco, al autorizar y justificar practicas y politicas especificas mientras impedia otras, en particular la resolucion de conflictos locales, acabo condenando en ultima instancia los esfuerzos para la construccion de la paz. Para concluir, sostengo que el analisis de los marcos discursivos es un enfoque fructifero para intentar resolver los puzles de los fracasos internacionales en la construccion de la paz que se dan, tambien, mas alla de las fronteras del Congo. Why do international peacebuilders fail to address the local causes of peace process failures? In this article,I demonstrate that local agendas played a decisive role in sustaining local, national, and regional violence. However, a postcon?ict peacebuilding frame shaped the international understanding of violence and intervention in such a way that local con?ict resolution appeared irrelevant and illegitimate. This frame included four key elements: international actors labeled the Congo a “postcon?ict” situation; they believed that violence there was innate and therefore acceptable even in peacetime; they conceptualized international intervention as exclusively concerned with the national and international realms; and they saw holding elections, as opposed to local con?ict resolution, as a workable, appropriate, and effective tool for state- and peacebuilding. This frame authorized and justi?ed speci?c practices and policies while precluding others, notably local con?ict resolution, ultimately dooming the peacebuilding efforts. In conclusion, I contend that analyzing discursive frames is a fruitful approach to the puzzle of international peacebuilding failures beyond the Congo.

/pdf/hobbes-y-el-congo-marcos-violencia-local-e-intervencion-17gfzrreyk.pdf

Hobbes y el Congo: marcos, violencia local e intervención internacional | Hobbes and the Congo: Frames,Local Violence, and International Intervention

The Gamble: General David Petraeus and the American Military Adventure in Iraq, 2006-2008, Thomas E. Ricks, The Penguin Press, New York, New York, 2009, $27.95. Thomas E. Ricks' latest book-The Gamble is a follow-up to his best-selling and critically acclaimed 2006 book Fiasco. Its title refers to the strategic gamble taken by President Bush to send approximately 30,000 additional troops to Iraq in the spring of 2007 in what is commonly referred to as "the surge. Ricks' thesis is that the surge succeeded militarily, but failed politically. It succeeded militarily because it accomplished the operational objectives laid out by senior U.S. military commanders on the ground. Ricks believes the surge failed politically in both the United States and in Iraq because nearly every key political issue remains unresolved. In Iraq, he cites the strained relationship between Shi'as, Sunnis, and Kurds; continued influence of former Saddam Hussein regime officials and Baath Party members; Iran's influence and the influence of other Middle Eastern nations in Iraq's affairs; the uncertain future role of Moqtada al-Sadr; and conflict between Arabs and Kurds over oil revenue sharing and the status of Kirkuk. Ricks also discusses how difficult it will be for the Government of Iraq to assimilate the primarily Sunni neighborhood watch groups, commonly referred to as the "Sons of Iraq" and how potential future actions by those groups could derail the relative calm that has existed in Iraq for the past 18 months. Ricks believes the surge also failed politically from an American perspective, because the core problems in Iraq have regional and potentially global implications which, if not addressed properly, could reverse the progress seen in Iraq. He believes the U.S. military will have to have a presence in Iraq for many years and uses simple logic to make his case. If the challenges facing Iraq are daunting with a large American military presence, they will be no less so without such presence. The book highlights the pivotal roles played by General David H. Petraeus and General Ray T. Odierno, and how they both challenged conventional wisdom as well as many members of their chain of command--directly and indirectly--to push for the additional troops and major changes in tactics. It also emphasizes the prominent role played by retired General Jack Keane, former vice chief of staff of the Army. Odierno and Petraeus rolled the dice with other huge gambles. Both agreed the surge of additional troops would only be successful if accompanied by a comprehensive change in tactics. These involved changing the priority from building up the capabilities of the Iraq Security Forces and attacking Al-Qaeda elements and insurgents to protecting the Iraqi people. …

The Gamble: General David Petraeus and the American Military Adventure in Iraq, 2006-2008

Since 2008 Russia's military forces have improved, enabling Russian military operations in Crimea, eastern Ukraine, and Syria. Researchers analyze the societal, political, economic, and demographic factors that undergird Russian military power. Based on these factors, they analyze how Russian ground combat capabilities will evolve. The challenge for the U.S. military will be to compete in different regions without provoking escalation.

/pdf/the-future-of-the-russian-military-russia-s-ground-combat-4wp7fdoybq.pdf

The Future of the Russian Military: Russia’s Ground Combat Capabilities and Implications for U.S.-Russia Competition

: The United States will face critical policy choices as Iran's nuclear program continues to evolve. Using an analytical framework designed for the new strategic environment, we focused on how to influence Iran in its future decisions, judging first that the Iranian leadership acts rationally, assessing costs and benefits in making its foreign policy decisions. Iran's national security interests (survival of the regime, protection of the homeland, and expansion of its regional influence) are unlikely to change, so the challenge for the United States is to affect the calculations of how the Iranian leadership pursues these interests. Iran's decisions regarding its nuclear program will be shaped primarily by its perception of the external environment (e.g., the U.S. threat) and the value placed on nuclear weapons in serving its national security interests. But different future Iranian nuclear postures are possible, and an internal political debate exists in Iran on the future of the nuclear program. This situation offers the United States a potential lever of influence.

/pdf/iran-s-nuclear-future-critical-u-s-policy-choices-33xvmiwowm.pdf

Iran's Nuclear Future: Critical U.S. Policy Choices

The Maidan Revolution in Ukraine created an opportunity for change and reforms in a system that had resisted them for 25 years. This report examines Ukraine's security sector — assessing what different institutions need to do and where gaps exist — and offers recommendations for the reform of Ukraine's security and defense institutions that meet Ukraine's security needs and align with Euro-Atlantic standards and approaches.

/pdf/security-sector-reform-in-ukraine-49gzvenlbx.pdf

Security Sector Reform in Ukraine

: Three years after 9/11, many studies by scores of institutions have been undertaken to find ways of dealing with the challenge of terrorism. With the approach of the third anniversary of the attack on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon, the RAND Corporation decided to hold a conference to share the results of its recent studies with government officials, military officers, congressional staff, foundations and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), foreign embassy representatives, and the public at large.

https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/conf_proceedings/2005/RAND_CF212.pdf

Three Years After: Next Steps in the War on Terror

RAND researchers analyzed the development of Russia's military capabilities over the next 20 years — with a focus on ground combat — and the implications of that development for U.S.-Russian competition and for the U.S. Army.

/pdf/what-will-russian-military-capabilities-look-like-in-the-r722hsxfsj.pdf

What Will Russian Military Capabilities Look Like in the Future

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