We developed a three-dimensional hybrid fiber host consisting of interconnected N-doped hollow carbon spheres embedded with Sn nanoparticles (denoted as Sn@NHCF) for Zn metal anodes in high-performance Zn metal batteries. Experimental observations and density functional theory calculation reveal that the zincophilic Sn nanoparticles and N-doped carbons enable the homogeneous Zn deposition on the interior and exterior surfaces of the hollow fibers. Moreover, the hierarchical hollow fiber network effectively reduces the structural stress during the plating/stripping process. As a result, the developed Sn@NHCF host exhibits remarkable electrochemical properties in terms of high Coulombic efficiency, low voltage hysteresis, and prolonged cycling stability without dendrite formation. Moreover, a full cell based on the designed Sn@NHCF-Zn composite anode and a V2O5 cathode demonstrates superior rate capability and stable cycle life. This work provides a new strategy for the design of dendrite-free Zn anodes for practical applications.

/pdf/confining-sn-nanoparticles-in-interconnected-n-doped-hollow-3uzu9u3h.pdf

Confining Sn nanoparticles in interconnected N-doped hollow carbon spheres as hierarchical zincophilic fibers for dendrite-free Zn metal anodes

Aqueous Zn-ion batteries (AZIBs) have attracted much attention due to their excellent safety, cost-effectiveness, and eco-friendliness thereby being considered as one of the most promising candidates for large-scale energy storage. Zn metal anodes with a high gravimetric/volumetric capacity are indispensable for advanced AZIBs. However, pristine Zn metal anodes encounter severe challenges in achieving adequate cycling stability, including dendrite growth, hydrogen evolution reaction, self-corrosion, and by-product formation. Because all these reactions are closely related to the electrolyte/Zn interface, the subtle interface engineering is important. Many strategies targeted to the interface engineering have been developed. In this review, a timely update on these strategies and perspectives are summarized, especially focusing on the controllable synthesis of Zn, Zn surface engineering, electrolyte formulation, and separator design. Furthermore, the corresponding internal principles of these strategies are clarified, which is helpful to help seek for new strategies. Finally, the challenges and perspectives for the future development of practical AZIBs are discussed, including the conducting of in advanced in situ testing, unification of battery models, some boundary issues, etc. This review is expected to guide the future development and provi beacon light direction for aqueous zinc ion batteries. 

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/aenm.202300606

Recent Progress on Zn Anodes for Advanced Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries

Achieving long-term stable zinc anodes at high currents/capacities remains a great challenge for practical rechargeable zinc-ion batteries. Herein, we report an imprinted gradient zinc electrode that integrates gradient conductivity and hydrophilicity for long-term dendrite-free zinc-ion batteries. The gradient design not only effectively prohibits side reactions between the electrolyte and the zinc anode, but also synergistically optimizes electric field distribution, zinc ion flux and local current density, which induces preferentially deposited zinc in the bottom of the microchannels and suppresses dendrite growth even under high current densities/capacities. As a result, the imprinted gradient zinc anode can be stably cycled for 200 h at a high current density/capacity of 10 mA cm-2/10 mAh cm-2, with a high cumulative capacity of 1000 mAh cm-2, which outperforms the none-gradient counterparts and bare zinc. The imprinted gradient design can be easily scaled up, and a high-performance large-area pouch cell (4*5 cm2) is also demonstrated. 

/pdf/gradient-design-of-imprinted-anode-for-stable-zn-ion-3s8j5yyb.pdf

Gradient design of imprinted anode for stable Zn-ion batteries

3D hierarchical graphene matrices enable stable Zn anodes for aqueous Zn batteries

Rechargeable zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) have shown great potential as an alternative to lithium-ion batteries. The ZIBs utilize Zn metal as the anode, which possesses many advantages such as low cost, high safety, eco-friendliness, and high capacity. However, on the other hand, the Zn anode also suffers from many issues, including dendritic growth, corrosion, and passivation. These issues are largely related to the surface and interface properties of the Zn anode. Many efforts have therefore been devoted to the modification of the Zn anode, aiming to eliminate the above-mentioned problems. This review gives a comprehensive summary on the mechanism behind these issues as well as the recent progress on Zn anode modification with focus on the strategies of surface and interface engineering, covering the design and application of both the Zn anode supports and surface protective layers, along with abundant examples. In addition, the promising research directions and perspective on these strategies are also presented.

Surface and Interface Engineering of Zn Anodes in Aqueous Rechargeable Zn-Ion Batteries.

Sn Alloying to Inhibit Hydrogen Evolution of Zn Metal Anode in Rechargeable Aqueous Batteries

Generation of direct current (DC) from mechanical kinetic energies is crucial for realizing self-powered wearable electronics. Here, we report a flexible textile-based DC generator based on the tribovoltaic effect at a dynamic metal-semiconducting polymer interface. The tribovoltaic effect refers to a phenomenon in which an energy “quantum” is released once an atom−atom bond is formed at the dynamic interface of two contacting materials; such released “binding” energy excites electron−hole pairs at metal−semiconductor interfaces or semiconductor−semiconductor pn junctions. This textile DC generator, based on the dynamic Schottky junction between an Al slider and a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-coated textile, can output a voltage of approximately 0.45−0.70 V. The voltage and current can be increased by simply connecting multiple generators in series or in parallel. Seven generators in series can power an electronic watch constantly without any conditioning circuit. These findings offer an efficient strategy for harvesting mechanical energies and realizing selfpowered electronics. Kinetic energy harvesting is crucially important for the development of wearable electronics and the Internet of things. The energy of a battery is always limited, especially considering the pursuit of lightweight and miniature electronics, while renewable kinetic energy is free, ubiquitous, and sustainable. Therefore, developing a power-generating device to convert mechanical energies into electricity is essential to achieve self-powered electronics. The advent of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) can solve part of this problem, which generate electric energy from various types of mechanical motions (human motion, vibration, rotation, wind, raindrop, ocean waves, etc.) based on the coupling effect of contact electrification and electrostatic induction. Conventional TENGs generally supply electricity in the form of alternating current with a high internal impedance; therefore, designing conditioning circuits for alternating-current (AC)− direct-current (DC) conversion and impedance matching is indispensable. In this case, the energy utilization efficiency is increased and the miniaturization and intelligent integration with functional sensors are difficult. Therefore, flexible DC generators with low internal impedance are in high demand. Several strategies have been reported to realize wearable devices that generate DC electricity from kinetic energy. First, DC electricity has been generated on the basis of the automatic switch of the two electrodes of a TENG with appropriate mechanical designs, but the intrinsic mechanism is still the same as that of an AC TENG. Another approach is based on the coupled effects of contact electrification and dielectric breakdown. The dielectric breakdown at the gap between one electrode and the electrified film results in a direct-current loop between the two electrodes. These two approaches share the common characteristic that charge transfers at the dynamic interfaces lead to the generation of electrostatic charges in the surface of dielectric materials. Recently, a third discovery was reported to generate DC current from dynamic metal− insulator−semiconductor (MIS) interfaces, dynamic P/ N-type semiconductor interfaces, or dynamic metal− semiconductor (MS) interfaces. Specifically, friction motions are designed at the dynamic PN junctions, Schottky MS interfaces, or MIS interfaces to excite non-equilibrium charge carries, which are separated by the built-in field to output DC current to the external circuits. The static metal− Received: February 8, 2021 Accepted: March 15, 2021 Leter http://pubs.acs.org/journal/aelccp © XXXX American Chemical Society 2442 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.1c00288 ACS Energy Lett. 2021, 6, 2442−2450 D ow nl oa de d vi a G E O R G IA I N ST O F T E C H N O L O G Y o n Ju ne 1 5, 2 02 1 at 1 4: 41 :5 8 (U T C ). Se e ht tp s: //p ub s. ac s. or g/ sh ar in gg ui de lin es f or o pt io ns o n ho w to le gi tim at el y sh ar e pu bl is he d ar tic le s.

Flexible Textile Direct-Current Generator Based on the Tribovoltaic Effect at Dynamic Metal-Semiconducting Polymer Interfaces

Hydrodesulfurization (HDS) is an important technique that is widely adopted in the petroleum industry to remove harmful sulfur compounds for environmental protection. MoS2 is the most commonly employed HDS catalyst but tends to stack due to its high surface energy. Active MoS2 nanosheets are anticipated to be well supported for preventing aggregation and increasing accessibility. In the current study, two-dimensional Ti3C2 MXene is utilized as a novel support to controllably anchor MoS2 nanosheets for efficient HDS. The composite of Ti3C2-supported CoMoS2 (CoMoS2/Ti3C2) with a 3D interconnected network was successfully constructed by a facile, one-step hydrothermal method. Detailed characterizations showed that MoS2 nanosheets vertically grew in situ on and between the layers of Ti3C2 MXene. CoMoS2/Ti3C2 possesses a well-defined open structure with a larger specific surface area and a higher proportion of CoMoS active phase compared with unsupported CoMoS2. As catalyzed by CoMoS2/Ti3C2, the reaction rate constant was effectively increased to 2.8 times that on CoMoS2 for the HDS of dibenzothiophene. CoMoS2/Ti3C2 also showed good stability in a harsh high-temperature reaction environment. 

Co-Doped MoS2 Nanosheets Vertically Grown on Ti3C2 MXenes for Efficient Hydrodesulfurization in High-Temperature Environments

Combing the merits of metals and semiconductors,with superior plasmon resonance effects and high charge mobility, 3D-nanocomposite structures consisting of graphene oxide (GO), noble metal nanostructures, and two-dimensional transition metal sulfides (2D-TMDS) are an important topic in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) research. This paper presents a novel GO/Ag NPs (silver nanoparticles)/WS 2 composite SERS substrate, and electric field simulation by COMSOL software. The GO/Ag/WS 2 composite substrate shows very high SERS detective sensitivity and stability to probe molecules such as rhodamine 6 g (R6G), crystal violet (CV), methylene blue (MB) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). The SERS sensitivity can reach 10 −12 M, the relative standard deviation (RSD) is 8.24%, and the enhancement factor (EF) is approximately 6.60 × 10 10 for R6G, which promoted the implementation of the SERS technique in the area of quantitative profiling and testing. 

Graphene oxide/Ag nanoparticles/WS₂ nanosheet heterostructures for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

Yttrium-doped barium zirconate (BZY) has been considered as a potential electrolyte candidate for intermediate-to-low temperature protonic ceramic fuel cell applications. However, the transport properties of BZY are often limited by the formation of highly resistive space charge zones at lattice discontinuities, such as lattice defects and surfaces. Unlike lattice defects, how to reduce the space charge effects at surfaces remains less explored. In this regard, surface defect engineering can be a meaningful way to regulate the proton transport of BZY by tailoring the space charge distribution close to the surface. Here, the Ar and/or O2 plasma was used to prepare BZY thin films with different levels of surface defects. The results of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and detailed structural characterization suggest that the plasma treatment is effective in improving the proton conductivities and lowering the activation energy of BZY thin films through the generation of negatively charged barium vacancy defects and the enrichment of yttrium dopants on the surface. 

Effect of Surface Defect Engineering on Proton Conductivity in Yttrium-Doped Barium Zirconate Thin Films

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