Harvesting clean energy from fuel feedstocks is of paramount significance in the field of environmental science. In this dynamic area, desulfurization provides a valuable contribution by eliminating sulfur compounds from fuel feedstocks to ensure the utilization of fuels without the emission of toxic sulfur oxides (SOx gases). Nonetheless, the inadequacy of the current industrial technique (hydrodesulfurization, HDS) in the removal of refractory sulfur (RS) compounds and the stringent rules imposed on the fuel sulfur level have kindled research on other desulfurization methods like oxidative desulfurization (ODS). With the capacity of eliminating RS compounds under mild conditions, ODS is endorsed as a suitable replacement or complementary to HDS. ODS, in general, consists of two steps: (i) oxidation and (ii) extraction. The oxidation of sulfur compounds is carried out using a suitable catalyst (hereafter termed as an ODS catalyst) in the presence of an oxidant. Choosing a suitable ODS catalyst for industrial applications is still a quest among the various types of catalysts reported so far. With this outline, herein, all the types of ODS catalysts along with their synthetic methods, reactivity and mechanistic insights are reviewed. The activity of ODS catalysts could be influenced by factors like the type of RS compound, solvent, fuel, etc. and those factors are reviewed. The effects of ionic liquids, light, and ultrasound on the performance of ODS catalysts are also briefly summarized. The opportunities and challenges for ODS catalysts are comprehensively explicated in the end. Through this review, systematic information about the types of ODS catalysts including the basic definition, preparative methods, reactivity and mechanism can be comprehended. Furthermore, this review reveals the merits and demerits related to highlighting catalytic ODS as a replacement or complementary to HDS.

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A comprehensive review on oxidative desulfurization catalysts targeting clean energy and environment

Valorization of agricultural waste for biogas based circular economy in India: A research outlook.

A review: Research progress on microplastic pollutants in aquatic environments.

Insights into atrazine degradation by persulfate activation using composite of nanoscale zero-valent iron and graphene: Performances and mechanisms

Rapidly growing industrialization and depletion of non-renewable fossil fuel has led to finding alternative viable renewable resources to meet the growing energy demand with less carbon dioxide generation. The modern world energy strategy is based on cost-effective and green alternatives and microalgae cultivation have potential to meet these criteria. Microalgae has been identified as a promising and sustainable alternative for treating wastewaters along the production of valuable products. Microalgae with a short life span, high growth rate and high CO2 utilization efficiency is one of viable techniques of renewable resources to produce biomass using nutrients in wastewater. At current, the technology and cost are the main factors that limit the application at industrial scale, which needs an ideal downstream process to minimize the production cost. The simultaneous use of microalgae for wastewater treatment and biofuel production has made these challenges practicable and economically viable. Microalgae efficiency for ammonia, phosphorus and heavy metal removal along with biofuel and bio-fertilizer production is reviewed. It is also aimed to focus on recent advances in cultivation of microalgae in wastewater, the response of microalgae to different stresses and their effects on the quality and quantity of high-value products was investigated. The prospects for future research dealing with wastewater treatment and biofuel production on downstream processing is also suggested.

Microalgae an ecofriendly and sustainable wastewater treatment option: Biomass application in biofuel and bio-fertilizer production. A review

Nutrient removal and lipid production by Coelastrella sp. in anaerobically and aerobically treated swine wastewater

Responses of microalgae Coelastrella sp. to stress of cupric ions in treatment of anaerobically digested swine wastewater.

Treatment of anaerobically digested swine wastewater by Rhodobacter blasticus and Rhodobacter capsulatus.

In this study, the performance of 3,5-dimethyl-2,4-dichlorophenol (DCMX) degradation by a screened strain was investigated. 18S rDNA and the neighbor-joining method were used for identification of the isolated strain. The results of phylogenetic analysis and scanning electron micrographs showed that the most probable identity of the screened strain should be Penicillium sp. Growth characteristics of Penicillium sp. and degradation processes of DCMX were examined. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of the inoculated DCMX solution was recorded, which supported the capacity of DCMX degradation by the screened Penicillium sp. Under different salinity conditions, the highest growth rate and removal efficiency for DCMX were obtained at pH6.0. The removal efficiency decreased from 100% to 66% when the DCMX concentration increased from 5 to 60mg/L, respectively. Using a Box-Behnken design, the maximum DCMX removal efficiency was determined to be 98.4%. With acclimation to salinity, higher removal efficiency could be achieved. The results demonstrate that the screened Penicillium sp. has the capability for degradation of DCMX.

Biodegradation of 3,5-dimethyl-2,4-dichlorophenol in saline wastewater by newly isolated Penicillium sp. yz11-22N2.

The invention relates to a method for treating waste water, in particular to a biological treatment method for efficiently purifying biogas slurry in a pig farm through composite microalgae, and belongs to the technical field of biological environmental protection.According to the method, the composite microalgae containing scenedesmus and haematococcaceae are prepared, the biogas slurry in the pig farm is treated through the composite microalgae according to the inoculation amount of 15% to 20% (by volume), the treatment temperature ranges from 24 DEG C to 26 DEG C, the pH value ranges from 7.0 to 8.0, and illumination intensity ranges from 4,000 lux to 6,000 lux.The synergistic effect of two kinds of microalgae is utilized, the defect that the treating effect of a single alga species on the biogas slurry is insufficient is overcome, then the utilization rate of organic matter, ammonia nitrogen, phosphorus and other matter in the biogas slurry in the pig farm increased through the microalgae, and therefore the treating and purifying efficiency of the composite microalgae on the biogas slurry is improved.Compared with treatment of the biogas slurry through a single alga species, the removal efficiency of the composite microalgae on ammonia nitrogen in the biogas slurry is improved by 8%, and the removal efficiency on phosphorus is improved by 15%.According to the method, the method for treating the biogas slurry is provided, the microalgae obtained after treatment can be collected and recycled, ecological treatment of the biogas slurry is achieved, and economic and social benefits are generated while the environment is improved.

Method for efficiently purifying biogas slurry in pig farm through composite microalgae

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