Salicylate plays an important role as a non-steroid, anti-inflammatory drug. In poultry, those used most commonly are sodium salicylate (SS) and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), due to their immunomodulatory, analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities. Other effects have been reported such as minimising the effects of heat stress, allostatic load, ascites, leg disorders, reducing respiratory and digestive disorders, as well as enhancing growth performance, feed utilisation, nutrient digestion and absorption, egg production and the quality of meat and eggs. Furthermore, ASA plays a key role in lowering cholesterol and triglycerides in blood, meat and eggs, and improvements in immune functions and antioxidant enzymes have been noted in birds. This paper reviews the different characteristics and beneficial applications of ASA in poultry nutrition for improving immunity, production, and safeguarding health, especially under heat stress conditions.

https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/E180B2B90E10EA6C8EC16033E02F7D32/S0043933917000253a.pdf/div-class-title-use-of-acetylsalicylic-acid-as-a-feed-additive-in-poultry-nutrition-div.pdf

Use of acetylsalicylic acid as a feed additive in poultry nutrition

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of aspirin as anti-heat stressor. Broiler chicks were reared on a standard diet up to 14 days of age. Thereafter, the chicks were randomly distributed into three dietary treatment groups viz., T1 (Control group: Standard diet), T2 (Standard diet with aspirin@250 mg/kg) and T3 (Standard diet with aspirin@500 mg/kg). Each treatment was having five replicates of eight birds per replicate. Experiment was carried out during hot-dry (April-May, 30.0±0.70 to 37.0±1.40C, Rh, %: 58.05±1.32 to 70.11±0.82) summer. Feed intake and live weight gain was comparable among the treatments but FCR, protein and energy efficiency improved significantly (P<0.001) on aspirin supplementation. The relative yield of thymus and bursa at 4th and 6th week of age improved significantly (P<0.05). The percentage of protein, aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) increased significantly (P<0.001) due to aspirin supplementation at 4th as well as 6th week of age. While H:L ratio, serum corticosteron and serum cholesterol (only at 42nd day of age) decreased significantly (P<0.001) in aspirin supplemented groups at 28th as well as 42nd day of age. Supplementation of aspirin at 500 mg/kg reduced relative expression of HSP70 in jejunum tissues during 28th or 42nd day of age. It can be concluded that aspirin supplementation 500 mg/kg in diet of heat stressed broilers improved performance as well as welfare.

Evaluation of aspirin (ASA) in broiler chicken during hot dry summer using zoo technical, molecular and physio-biochemical tools

The poultry industry suffers from various diseases or stresses. In poultry, apart from being antipyretic, acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) is widely used to cope with different issues including heat stress, and respiratory and digestive orders. This study evaluated the beneficial and toxic effects of ASA at different dose levels in broiler birds. To evaluate these toxic and beneficial effects it is necessary to examine the physical and serum biochemical parameters as well as the histopathological changes with tissue sections taken from broiler birds under experimental trial. This study was conducted on 60 one-day-old broiler chicks purchased from a local market in Faisalabad. Chicks were reared for the first 14 days under similar conditions. On the 15th day, birds were randomly divided into 4 groups (1-4) with 15 birds in each group. Group 4 was kept as control, while groups 1, 2, and 3 were treated with ASA at the dose of 300, 600, and 1200 mg/L of drinking water for 21 days. There were 3 samplings performed at 21, 28, and 35 days post-treatment. The live body weight and carcass weight were noted on each sampling. All the visceral organs were recorded for gross pathological changes. The serum samples were collected for biochemical evaluation. Histopathology of all the visceral organs was performed to observe the microscopic changes. A significant (P<0.05) increase in live body weight at a 300mg/L dose was noted after the first 2 samplings. A significant (P<0.05) increase in the relative organ weight was recorded at 1200 mg/L. The groups treated with ASA 600 and 1200 mg/L showed increased (P<0.05) AST, ALT, and creatinine levels from that of the control group. The group treated with 1200 mg/L of ASA showed increased (P<0.05) urea, serum total protein, and albumin level in all the samplings. Histopathological changes revealed swollen hepatocytes, increased sinusoidal spaces in the liver, congestion and abnormal glomerular spaces in the kidney, congestion and alveolar disruption in the lungs, and generation of villi and cellular degeneration in the intestine in a high-dose group. The study concluded that ASA at a low dose can be used for a long time in broilers and has a growth promontory role, while high-level doses cause hepatorenal toxicity.

Effects of different acetylsalicylic acid doses on body organs, histopathology, and serum biochemical parameters in broiler birds

Badania nad przydatnoscia terapeutyczna kwasu acetylosalicylowego u indykow

Accepted: 25 Dec. 2019 The current study was aimed to investigate the effect of acetylsalicylic acid on pigeon birds. For this purpose healthy pigeons of different weights were randomly selected from Bio-Park University of Malakand and then placed it in different groups on the basis of their weighs. To observe the effect, different doses of acetylsalicylic acid were administered orally to each group of pigeons except one group which was kept as unmedicated (control group). Blood samples were collected from individual pigeon of each group periodically i.e. before medication, during medication and after medication and were analyzed for glucose, cholesterol, alanine amino tranferase (ALT) and uric acid. Blood hematology was also performed for each individual pigeon from all the groups. A significant decrease was observed in glucose and ALT level, while the cholesterol and uric acid level was increased. Likewise to glucose, reasonable increase was observed in total red blood cells count (TRBCs), Hematocrit value (HCT), Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), Mean corpuscular Hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and platelets count, while the Hemoglobin (Hb%) and total leukocyte count (TLC) level was decrease. Overall huge toxic effect of acetylsalicylic acid was recorded in pigeons; therefore it should be used carefully in veterinary medicines especially for the treatment of temperature and pain in game birds.

/pdf/toxicological-risk-assessment-of-acetylsalicylic-acid-asa-in-3ifqbr68o6.pdf

Toxicological risk assessment of Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) in pigeons (columba levia)

SummaryThe aim of the study was to investigate the effects of different doses of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) andsodium salicylate (SS) administration on weight gains and serum biochemical parameters in broiler chickens.This study was performed to investigate the safety of ASA and SS in chickens in conditions of moderateoverdose. Seventy five broiler chickens (Sanhuangji breed) were divided into control and experimental groups.The chickens were administered orally with ASA or SS in the following daily doses: 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg for20 days. In the course of the experiment weight gains were recorded. On day 14 and day 20 the chickens weresampled for blood biochemical analysis. Investigated parameters included serum total protein, albumin, uricacid, creatinine, potassium, sodium and calcium contents as well as alanine transaminase activity. After thelast samplings the chickens were dissected and liver and kidney to body weight ratios were recorded. It wasdemonstrated that SS at a dose of 200 mg/kg increased serum total protein level. ASA increased serumproteins at a dose of 100 mg/kg but not at a higher dose. At the dose of 200 mg/kg ASA increased the kidneyto body weight ratio. In all salicylate treated groups the liver weights were lower as compared to the control.No clinical manifestations of intolerance were observed. It is assumed that chickens tolerate ASA and SS well,even in doses producing distinct side effects in several mammalian species.Keywords: acetylsalicylic acid, sodium salicylate, weight gain, serum biochemistry, chickens

/pdf/influence-of-salicylate-administration-on-weight-gain-and-1gc1id4bb3.pdf

Influence of salicylate administration on weight gain and serum biochemical parameters in broiler chickens

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Influence of salicylate administration on weight gain and serum biochemical parameters in broiler chickens