Multi-step impacts of environmental regulations on green economic growth: Evidence in the lens of natural resource dependence

This paper presents the assessment of the European Union member states in terms of the circular economy (CE) targets, using a combination of the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method and factor analysis. This approach fills in the existing knowledge gap by providing an innovative methodology of an objectivised comparative evaluation of the degree of implementation of the CE principles by the EU countries. Assessing countries’ performance in achieving the goals of the circular economy is a challenge due to the lack of a generally accepted methodology, the multitude of indicators, and the insufficient data. Countries may be compared in a narrow way, according to single indicators, but a more holistic synthetic assessment of countries is also needed to determine their position against each other. In such cases, DEA may be successfully used. The study resulted in the identification of two clusters of countries with similar profiles of relative efficiency in the CE goals’ implementation. It was concluded that the position of a particular country in achieving the CE aims was strongly correlated its GDP per capita. Moreover, factor analysis showed that many CE indicators are strongly correlated with each other and may be aggregated into five meta-indicators (factors): Recycling rate of general waste, Waste production, Jobs and investments, Recycling rate of special waste, and Circular material use rate. In addition to simple rankings and indication of benchmarks, the article offers a novel concept of technology competitors which was used to group units competing for positions in the ranking.

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Evaluating the Transition of the European Union Member States towards a Circular Economy

With the signing of the Paris Agreement in 2016, countries began to explore new economic models to get rid of the high emissions and high pollution caused by the traditional extensive economic model. Circular economy (CE) is regarded as an important way to achieve carbon neutrality, yet there is little literature has explored the relationship between the two. This paper aims to provide evidence and suggestions for developing circular economy strategies in emerging developing countries such as China by exploring the relationship between circular economy and carbon emissions. In this study, urban carbon emissions were measured by using high-resolution carbon emission data and the circular economy of 285 cities in China from 2009 to 2018 was estimated using a data envelopment analysis (SBM-DEA) model based on a super effective slackness measure. Then, the spatial impact of the circular economy was analyzed based on the spatial Durbin model. The empirical results are as follows: first, carbon intensity shows a positive spatial correlation, with most cities clustered in high-high (H-H) and low-low (L-L) types. Second, it was found that CE has a significant negative impact on the carbon intensity of local cities and neighboring cities. Third, based on regional heterogeneity, CE has significant negative direct and indirect effects in central and western cities. In contrast, CE has only significant direct effects (negative values) in eastern cities.

The spatial impacts of the circular economy on carbon intensity - new evidence from the super-efficient SBM-DEA model

Planning is a form of interaction between social, economic, environmental, political, organizational, and institutional elements that undergo different processes. Planning is influenced by sets and subsets of factors that come together and are measured on a spatial scale. Despite well-planned strategies, sustainability has always been questioned, especially in developing countries. In this regard, the Circular Economy concept has been considered an inclusive solution to contemporaneous phenomena and a model for ensuring the sustainability of any initiative. Albania undertook territorial reform for decentralization in 2014, and all the national and regional strategies were drafted considering closed-cycle concepts. As such, sustainability was the central point of focus for all plans. Considering the difficulty and significance of the process, this work analyzes circular economy incorporation in the territorial spatial planning reform of 2014 in Albania. It makes a comparison between the level of integration in the planning and implementation phases to assess the level of integration in the cluster activities in economic zones that came as a result of the planning strategy. A participatory approach and data reduction techniques through the Delphi method are used, taking into consideration different stakeholders in the case of the Durana economic zone. This study takes the position that the main components of the national and local planning strategies are elements of the circular economy, but fails to fully adopt critical components of the Circular Economy concept. Ownership separation and the existence of large informal areas are the main underlying factors that obstruct planning and implementation of territorial reform. This study deduces that complete incorporation of stakeholders calls for coordination of actions and practices of all actors in spatial planning; the role of clusters in the shift toward the CE concept is moderate, and the level of incorporation of CE in cluster activities depends on how much it is in line with their specific activity. We recommend a more effective synetization between stakeholders, resource allocation effectiveness, and preliminary capacity development in the preparation phase of the territorial planning for a successful shift toward circular concept models; a shift towards CE relies on the effectiveness of cluster activities and the success of economic zones. 

Circular economy in territorial planning strategy: Incorporation in cluster activities and economic zones

Performance assessment can play an effective role in providing quality services in healthcare organizations. To develop and compete, hospitals need a performance evaluation system to measure the effectiveness and efficiency of their programs, processes, and workforce. However, hospital data are often uncertain, imprecise, or unknown. In this paper, a fuzzy stochastic data envelopment analysis (DEA) method based on the slacks-based measure of efficiency (SBM) is presented and employed to evaluate the performance of 11 hospitals in an urban setting. Due to the multiplicity of the initially identified criteria, an integrated algorithm based on Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) and Analytic Network Process (ANP) is used to determine the main and effective criteria. The result of the algorithm shows that the criterion “total inpatient visits” is the most important criterion in this evaluation. Finally, the proposed model is implemented based on different levels of significance, and the performance of each unit is determined in uncertain conditions. • A fuzzy stochastic slacks-based measure of efficiency (SBM) model is proposed for healthcare. • A two-phase fuzzy approach is employed to provide a deterministic non-fuzzy programming model. • The performance of hospitals of Markazi province is measured under uncertain conditions. 

A fuzzy stochastic slacks-based data envelopment analysis model with application to healthcare efficiency

Urban circular economy performance evaluation: A novel fully fuzzy data envelopment analysis with large datasets

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Urban circular economy performance evaluation: A novel fully fuzzy data envelopment analysis with large datasets