Calcium orthophosphate deposits: Preparation, properties and biomedical applications.

Biomedical materials and techniques to improve the tribological, mechanical and biomedical properties of orthopedic implants – A review article

In surgical disciplines, where bones have to be repaired, augmented or improved, bone substitutes are essential. Therefore, an interest has dramatically increased in application of synthetic bone grafts. As various interactions among cells, surrounding tissues and implanted biomaterials always occur at the interfaces, the surface properties of the implants are of the paramount importance in determining both the biological response to implants and the material response to the physiological conditions. Hence, a surface engineering is aimed to modify both the biomaterials, themselves, and biological responses through introducing desirable changes to the surface properties of the implants but still maintaining their bulk mechanical properties. To fulfill these requirements, a special class of artificial bone grafts has been introduced in 1976. It is composed of various mechanically stable (therefore, suitable for load bearing applications) biomaterials and/or bio-devices with calcium orthophosphate coatings, films and layers on their surfaces to both improve interactions with the surrounding tissues and provide an adequate bonding to bones. Many production techniques of calcium orthophosphate coatings, films and layers have been already invented and new promising techniques are continuously investigated. These specialized coatings, films and layers used to improve the surface properties of various types of artificial implants are the topic of this review.

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Calcium orthophosphate coatings, films and layers

In this study, the in-vitro bone regeneration ability of commercial pure titanium (CP-Ti) surface modified via electrospun polyvinylidene/hydroxyapatite (PVP/HA) masking and subsequent Nd-YAG pulsed laser treatment was investigated. The ratio of HA to PVP played a significant role in achieving a perfect homogenous mask on the CP-Ti. In the laser treatment process, the parameter of area scanning speed (ASS) had an important influence on the final surface morphology. A favorable range was defined for this parameter where these two conditions were satisfied: no PVP remaining and no severe substrate melting. Within a favorable range of ASS, as decreasing ASS exchanged the surface structure from detached particles to a pattern-like network. The calcium titanate CaTiO3 (CTO) and α-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP) were formed as the main components on the CP-Ti surface. The coating had an adequate adhesion to the CP-Ti surface. Furthermore, a surface with a water affinity between hydrophilic and hydrophobic was obtained. The in-vitro bioactivity test revealed that the surface modification enhanced the bone-like apatite formation. The cytocompatibility assays confirmed that the cell attachment and spreading of the osteosarcoma-like cells (MG63) were improved by the surface treatment. The development of surface modification techniques opens new avenues in bone tissue engineering applications.

CaTiO3/α-TCP coatings on CP-Ti prepared via electrospinning and pulsed laser treatment for in-vitro bone tissue engineering

Synergistic behaviors of tribocorrosion and electrochemical performance of in situ laser deposited CaTixOy–Ti coatings by DFT calculation

Effect of the Mass Ratio of CaCO3 to CaHPO4·2H2O on in Situ Synthesis of Hydroxyapatite Coating by Laser Cladding

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Effect of the Mass Ratio of CaCO3 to CaHPO4·2H2O on in Situ Synthesis of Hydroxyapatite Coating by Laser Cladding