Homogeneous NiMoO4–Co(OH)2 bifunctional heterostructures for electrocatalytic oxygen evolution and urea oxidation reaction

Synergistically engineering of vacancy and doping in thiospinel to boost electrocatalytic oxygen evolution in alkaline water and seawater

Overcoming the thermodynamically and kinetically adverse hydrogen spillover process is of vital significance for improving the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity of the metal-supported binary catalysts. Here we innovatively...

Alloying and vacancy concurrently engineering for intensifying hydrogen spillover towards alcohol-water co-electrolysis

Owing to the Pt‐like electrocatalytic capability and moderate price, Ru‐based catalysts are considered as the Pt alternatives for electrochemical water splitting. However, they demonstrate limited catalytic performance under industrial‐level current densities. Herein, a novel electrocatalyst with an extremely low amount (0.85 wt.%) of Ru nanoclusters anchored on Cr‐doped Fe‐metal–organic frameworks (Ru@Cr─FeMOF) through a robust Cr─O─Ru bond is presented. The study unveils that such an architecture facilitates fast electron transfer and manipulates the highest occupied d orbital and d‐band centers of Ru sites, favoring both oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalysis. The as‐prepared catalyst performs excellent reaction activity of 21 mV@10 mA cm−2 for HER and 230 mV@50 mA cm−2 for OER in alkaline solution, and realizes excellent water‐splitting performance at industrial‐level current densities (1.72 V@1000 mA cm−2), surpassing the state‐of‐the‐art literatures.

D‐Orbital Manipulated Ru Nanoclusters for High‐Efficiency Overall Water Splitting at Industrial‐Level Current Densities

The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is regarded as a critical component in the water splitting system. Creating vacancies, increasing active surface area, and optimizing electronic structure would improve electrocatalytic performance. Herein, a facile electrochemical reduction method is used to generate sulfur vacancies in nickel iron sulfide (NiFe-S) with a large geometry area of 15×16 cm2, which is synthesized using electrodeposition process assisted with the ion exchange (IOE) method. The X-ray absorption spectroscopies (XAS) are applied for atomic-level structural analysis, verifying that electrochemical desulfurization generates abundant S vacancies. The NiFe-S with abundant sulfur vacancies (NiFe-S-Vs) exhibits a low overpotential (252 mV at 100 mA cm-2), and long stability for 260 h at 500 mA cm-2. More importantly, the NiFe-S-Vs catalyst also delivers a small overpotential (235 mV at 1000 mA cm-2) and high alkaline tolerance (140 h at 500 mA cm-2) in 6 M KOH at 60 °C), implying a potentially significant industrial application prospect. Finally, theory calculation further illustrates the high performance of as-prepared vacancies-rich catalyst. 

S-vacancy-rich NiFe-S nanosheets based on a fully electrochemical strategy for large-scale and quasi-industrial OER catalysts

Ru‐based materials hold great promise for substituting Pt as potential electrocatalysts toward water electrolysis. Significant progress is made in the fabrication of advanced Ru‐based electrocatalysts, but an in‐depth understanding of the engineering methods and induced effects is still in their early stage. Herein, we organize a review that focusing on the engineering strategies toward the substantial improvement in electrocatalytic OER and HER performance of Ru‐based catalysts, including geometric structure, interface, phase, electronic structure, size, and multicomponent engineering. Subsequently, the induced enhancement in catalytic performance by these engineering strategies are also elucidated. Furthermore, some representative Ru‐based electrocatalysts for the electrocatalytic HER and OER applications are also well presented. Finally, the challenges and prospects are also elaborated for the future synthesis of more effective Ru‐based catalysts and boost their future application.

Strategies for Promoting Catalytic Performance of Ru‐Based Electrocatalysts towards Oxygen/Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

Engineering sulfur vacancies for boosting electrocatalytic reactions

ABSTRACT We designed and developed a novel DNA topoisomerase I inhibitor MF-6, which was a more potent cytotoxin and a more potent inducer of immunogenic cell death compared with DXd. To utilize MF-6’s ability to induce antitumor immunity, a human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-targeted antibody–drug conjugate (ADC) trastuzumab-L6 that included a cleavable linker and MF-6 was developed. Different from traditional cytotoxic ADC, the antitumor activity of trastuzumab-L6 was assessed by inducing tumor cell immunogenic cell death, activating dendritic cells and cytotoxic CD8+ T cells to acquire durable adaptive immune memory. Tumor cells treated with trastuzumab-L6 were committed to immunogenic cell death, with upregulation of damage-associated molecular patterns and antigen presentation molecules. In a syngeneic tumor model with a mouse cell line that expressed human HER2, immunocompetent mice showed greater antitumor efficacy compared with nude mice. The trastuzumab-L6-cured immunocompetent mice acquired adaptive antitumor memory and rejected subsequent tumor cell challenge. The trastuzumab-L6 efficacy was abrogated when cytotoxic CD8+ T cells were depleted and enhanced when regulatory CD4+ T cells were depleted. The combination of trastuzumab-L6 with immune checkpoint inhibitors significantly increased antitumor efficacy. Enhanced T cell infiltration, dendritic cell activation, and decreased type M2 macrophages in tumor post trastuzumab-L6 administration confirmed the immune-activating responses. In conclusion, trastuzumab-L6 was considered to be an immunostimulatory agent, rather than a traditional cytotoxic ADC, and its antitumor efficacy was enhanced when combined with an anti-PD-L1 and anti-CTLA-4 antibody, which suggested a potential therapeutic strategy.

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/19420862.2023.2220466?needAccess=true&role=button

A HER2-targeted antibody-novel DNA topoisomerase I inhibitor conjugate induces durable adaptive antitumor immunity by activating dendritic cells

Dumping is the main disposal method of the excavated soil from underground engineering in China; however, due to a lack of construction experiences and technical standards, landslide disasters often occurred during rapid dumping of excavated soil in soft soil regions. In this paper, geotechnical tests were conducted on the excavated soil from a foundation engineering site in Hangzhou, where the excavated soil would be used to construct a piled mountain. On this basis, a numerical study was carried out to investigate the effects of the design parameters (heap height, slope gradient) and construction parameters (layer thickness, heap speed) on the dump stability and failure mode. The results show that the safety factor of the excavated soil dump decreases with increasing heap height, slope gradient, layer thickness, and heap speed. The potential slide surfaces are toe circle, and compared to layer thickness and heap speed, the heap height and slope gradient have more remarkable influence on the depth and area of potential slide mass. The heap height limit increases with a decrease in slope gradient, and the heap speed limit decreases with an increase in layer thickness. Under the premise of ensuring the slope stability, the optimal design and construction parameters were obtained, i.e., heap height 28 m, slope gradient 1:2.75, layer thickness 1.0 m, and heap speed 0.50 m/day. Compared to the original design scheme, the storage capacity increases by 20.01%, and the construction duration decreases by 30.25% in the optimal design.

/pdf/stability-satisfied-design-and-construction-of-excavated-3clcsjjz.pdf

Stability Satisfied Design and Construction of Excavated Soil Dumps in a Soft Soil Region in China

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Strategies for Promoting Catalytic Performance of Ru‐Based Electrocatalysts towards Oxygen/Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

Engineering sulfur vacancies for boosting electrocatalytic reactions

A HER2-targeted antibody-novel DNA topoisomerase I inhibitor conjugate induces durable adaptive antitumor immunity by activating dendritic cells

Stability Satisfied Design and Construction of Excavated Soil Dumps in a Soft Soil Region in China