An overview of new approaches to deep desulfurization for ultra-clean gasoline, diesel fuel and jet fuel

Global challenges and strategies for control, conversion and utilization of CO2 for sustainable development involving energy, catalysis, adsorption and chemical processing

Recent advances in the science and technology of ultra low sulfur diesel (ULSD) production

Fuel processing for low-temperature and high-temperature fuel cells: Challenges, and opportunities for sustainable development in the 21st century

Deep desulfurization of transportation fuels (gasoline, diesel, and jet fuels) is being mandated by U.S. and foreign governments and is also needed for future fuel cell applications. However, it is extremely difficult and costly to achieve with current technology, which requires catalytic reactors operated at high pressure and temperature. We show that Cu+ and Ag+ zeolite Y can adsorb sulfur compounds from commercial fuels selectively and with high sulfur capacities (by π complexation) at ambient temperature and pressure. Thus, the sulfur content was reduced from 430 to

https://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/301/5629/79.full.pdf

Desulfurization of Transportation Fuels with Zeolites Under Ambient Conditions

A new approach to deep desulfurization of gasoline, diesel fuel and jet fuel by selective adsorption for ultra-clean fuels and for fuel cell applications

A series of sorbents with a linear polyethylenimine (PEI) supported on the mesoporous molecular sieves, including MCM-41, MCM-48 and SBA-15, have been prepared and used to remove H2S from a model gas containing 0.40 v% of H2S and 20 v% H2 in N2 gas. The sorption was conducted in a fixed-bed system at a temperature range of 22–75 °C, a GHSV range of 337–1,011 h−1 and atmospheric pressure. The effects of the operating temperature, GHSV, the amount of PEI loading and the different molecular sieve supports were studied. A reduction in the temperature and GHSV improves the sorption performance of the supported PEI sorbents. A synergetic effect of the SBA−15 support and PEI on the H2S sorption performance was observed. Loading 50 wt% PEI on SBA-15 gave the best breakthrough capacity, while loading 65 wt% PEI on SBA-15 had the highest saturation capacity. The mesoporous molecular sieve with large pore size and three-dimensional channel structure favors increasing the kinetic capacity of the supported PEI sorbent. In addition, the developed sorbents can be regenerated easily at mild conditions (temperature range of 75–100 °C) and have excellent regenerability and stability. The results indicate that the mesoporous-molecular-sieve-supported polymer sorbents are promising for removing H2S from hydrogen gas streams.

Mesoporous-molecular-sieve-supported Polymer Sorbents for Removing H2S from Hydrogen Gas Streams

Deep desulfurization of liquid hydrocarbons by selective adsorption for fuel cell applications : Sulfur removal from gasoline and distillate streams

The present study deals with shape-selective methylation of naphthalene for synthesis of 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene (2,6-DMN), and focuses on the Fe-MFI (Fe-ZSM-5) catalyst prepared by isomorphous substitution using Fe compounds and ZSM-5, which led to a highly shape-selective catalyst formulation for 2,6-DMN synthesis. Results with modified ZSM-5 by isomorphous substitution with Ti and Co, by ion exchange with Fe as well as acid treatment of ZSM-5 are also shown for comparison. The best Fe-ZSM-5 formulations used under suitable conditions can lead to shape-selective methylation of naphthalene with methanol, with the 2,6-/2,7-DMN ratio and 2,6-DMN/DMNs percentage reaching as high as 2.2 and about 60%, respectively.

Shape-selective Fe-MFI catalyst for synthesis of 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene by methylation with methanol

Methylation of 4-methylbiphenyl with methanol was carried out using zeolites HY, HM, and HZSM-5 as catalysts under fixed-bed down-flow conditions. HY and HM display no shape selectivity, but HZSM-5 shows moderate selectivity to the target product, 4,4′-dimethylbiphenyl (4,4′-DMBP) under proper reaction conditions. Modification of the surface of HZSM-5 zeolite can improve the selectivity to 4,4′-DMBP, especially the simultaneous modification of external and internal surface with inorganic P compound. The selectivity to 4,4′-DMBP can be increased to as high as 65% over the HZSM-5 modified with a small amount of ammonium hydrogen phosphate.

Shape-selective synthesis of 4,4′-dimethylbiphenyl. 1. Methylation of 4-methylbiphenyl over modified zeolite catalysts

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