Migraine seriously affects the physical and mental health of patients because of its recurrence and the hypersensitivity to the environment that it causes. However, the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of migraine are not fully understood. We addressed this issue in the present study using an autodynamic functional connectome model (A-DFCM) with twice-clustering to compare dynamic functional connectome patterns (DFCPs) from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from migraine patients and normal control subjects. We used automatic localization of segment points to improve the efficiency of the model, and intergroup differences and network metrics were analyzed to identify the neural mechanisms of migraine. Using the A-DFCM model, we identified 17 DFCPs-including 1 that was specific and 16 that were general-based on intergroup differences. The specific DFCP was closely associated with neuronal dysfunction in migraine, whereas the general DFCPs showed that the 2 groups had similar functional topology as well as differences in the brain resting state. An analysis of network metrics revealed the critical brain regions in the specific DFCP; these were not only distributed in brain areas related to pain such as Brodmann area 1/2/3, basal ganglia, and thalamus but also located in regions that have been implicated in migraine symptoms such as the occipital lobe. An analysis of the dissimilarities in general DFCPs between the 2 groups identified 6 brain areas belonging to the so-called pain matrix. Our findings provide insight into the neural mechanisms of migraine while also identifying neuroimaging biomarkers that can aid in the diagnosis or monitoring of migraine patients.

/pdf/extraction-and-analysis-of-dynamic-functional-connectome-2h35vr3ewg.pdf

Extraction and Analysis of Dynamic Functional Connectome Patterns in Migraine Sufferers: A Resting-State fMRI Study.

Post-polio syndrome (PPS) is characterized by recrudescence or worsening of motor neuron disease symptoms decades after recovery from acute paralytic poliovirus infection, i.e., poliomyelitis. PPS afflicts between 25% and 40% of poliomyelitis survivors and mimics motor neuron diseases (MNDs), such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), due to its selective impairment, degeneration, or death of motor neurons in the brainstem and spinal cord. Herein, we report a case of PPS in a 68-year-old man with a remote history of bulbar and cervical cord involvement by poliomyelitis, review the relevant literature, and contrast the salient histopathologic features that distinguish our case of PPS from ALS.

https://www.mdpi.com/2035-8377/15/2/35/pdf?version=1681438545

Post-Polio Syndrome Revisited

Background Overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms are common in Parkinson’s disease (PD), and negatively contribute to the quality of life (QoL) of patients. To explore the underlying pathophysiological mechanism, we investigated the correlation between the prefrontal cortex (PFC) function and OAB symptoms in PD patients. Methods One hundred fifty-five idiopathic PD patients were recruited and classified either as PD-OAB or PD-NOAB candidates based on their corresponding OAB symptom scores (OABSS). A linear regression analysis identified a correlative connection of cognitive domains. Then cortical activation during the performance of the verbal fluency test (VFT) and brain connectivity during resting state were conducted by functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) for 10 patients in each group to investigate their frontal cortical activation and network pattern. Results In cognitive function analysis, a higher OABS score was significantly correlated with a lower FAB score, MoCA total score, and sub-scores of visuospatial/executive, attention, and orientation as well. In the fNIRS study, the PD-OAB group exhibited significant activations in 5 channels over the left hemisphere, 4 over the right hemisphere, and 1 in the median during the VFT process. In contrast, only 1 channel over the right hemisphere showed significant activation in the PD-NOAB group. The PD-OAB group revealed hyperactivation, particularly in certain channel in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), compared with PD-NOAB (FDR P < 0.05). In the resting state, there was a significant increase of the resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) strength between the bilateral Broca area, left frontopolar area (FPA-L) and right Broca’s area (Broca-R), between the FPA and Broca’s area if merging the bilateral regions of interest (ROI), and also between the two hemispheres in the PD-OAB group. The Spearman’s correlation confirmed that the OABS scores were positively correlated with RSFC strength between the bilateral Broca area, FPA-L and Broca-R, between the FPA and Broca area if merging the bilateral ROI. Conclusion In this PD cohort, OAB was related to decreased PFC functions, with particularly hyperactivated left DLPFC during VTF and an enhanced neural connectivity between the two hemispheres in the resting state as observed by fNIRS imaging.

/pdf/pattern-of-prefrontal-cortical-activation-and-network-d34webli.pdf

Pattern of prefrontal cortical activation and network revealed by task-based and resting-state fNIRS in Parkinson’s disease’s patients with overactive bladder symptoms

Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) affects 30%–40% of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and has been linked to a higher risk of cognitive impairment, especially executive dysfunction. The aim of this study was to investigate the brain activation patterns in PD patients with RBD (PD-RBD+) compared to those without RBD (PD-RBD−) and healthy controls (HCs), and to analyze the correlation between changes in cerebral cortex activity and the severity of RBD.We recruited 50 PD patients, including 30 PD-RBD+, 20 PD-RBD−, and 20 HCs. We used functional near infrared spectroscopy during a verbal fluency task (VFT-fNIRS) and clinical neuropsychological assessment to explore the correlation between PD-RBD+ and executive function and changes in neural activity.The VFT-fNIRS analysis revealed a significant reduction in activation among PD-RBD+ patients across multiple channels when compared to both the PD-RBD− and HC groups. Specifically, PD-RBD+ patients exhibited diminished activation in the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) relative to their PD-RBD− counterparts. Furthermore, compared to the HC group, PD-RBD+ patients displayed reduced activation specifically in the right DLPFC. Significantly, a noteworthy negative correlation was identified between the average change in oxygenated hemoglobin concentration (ΔHbO2) in the right DLPFC of PD-RBD+ patients and the severity of their RBD.Our study offers compelling evidence that RBD exacerbates cognitive impairment in PD, manifested as executive dysfunction, primarily attributed to reduced prefrontal activation. These aberrations in brain activation may potentially correlate with the severity of RBD.

Correlation and underlying brain mechanisms between rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder and executive functions in Parkinson’s disease: an fNIRS study

Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) may have an increased risk of mortality, but robust estimates are lacking.To compare mortality rates nationally between patients with PD and controls.The case‐fatality rates of Finnish PD patients diagnosed in 2004–2018 (n = 23,688; 57% male, mean age at diagnosis = 71 years) and randomly selected sex‐ and age‐matched control subjects (n = 94,752) were compared using data from national registries. The median follow‐up duration was 5.8 years (max 17 years).The case‐fatality rate in patients with PD was higher than that in matched controls (HR 2.29; 95% CI 2.24–2.33; p < 0.0001). Excess fatality among PD patients was already present at one year from diagnosis and then plateaued at 29% at 12 years after diagnosis. The long‐term relative hazard of death in PD patients vs. matched controls did not differ based on sex. Patients with early‐onset PD (age at diagnosis <50 years old) had the highest relative hazard of death (HR 3.36) compared to matched control subjects, and the relative hazard decreased with higher age at diagnosis. The seven‐year excess risk of death decreased during the study period, especially in men. In patients with PD, male sex, increasing age, and increasing comorbidity burden were associated with an increased risk of death.An increased risk of death among PD patients was evident from early on. The increase in risk was greatest among young‐onset patients. The excess risk in early PD declined during the study period, particularly in men. The reasons for this are unknown.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Case‐fatality rate in Parkinson's Disease: A nationwide registry study

Informal Parkinson’s disease (PD) caregivers are considered to experience high levels of caregiver burden, negatively affecting the health of caregivers. However, few studies explored the relationship between anxiety in caregiver burden and cognitive function in informal PD caregivers. Although, no study has even investigated the neural mechanisms underlying this connection. This study aimed to conduct comprehensive cognitive and clinical assessments and evaluate brain activity from task-based state and resting-state using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). A total of ten informal PD caregivers and 15 matched, healthy, non-caregivers were recruited. Comprehensive cognitive and clinical assessments were conducted to evaluate five cognitive domains and mental states. Neural activity induced by verbal fluency task (VFT) and brain connectivity during resting state were monitored, and their correlations with the neuropsychological and clinical tests were explored. Our results showed that compared to non-caregiver, an informal PD caregiver exhibited no difference in most cognitive domains of function but performed better in attentional function, along with higher levels of anxiety. Decreased activation over prefrontal regions during VFT and hypo-connectivity within the frontoparietal network (FPN) and between default mode network (DMN) and FPN in the resting state were confirmed in this study as a result of the negative effects of anxiety on the brain. Furthermore, Spearman’s correlation found that neural activity in FPN during task-based state and resting state was negatively correlated with the severity of anxiety. These findings indicate that despite normal or even better cognitive function, informal PD caregivers have impaired brain function, and this deficit in neural activity was related to anxiety.

/pdf/the-impact-of-anxiety-on-the-cognitive-function-of-informal-2ckagglq.pdf

The impact of anxiety on the cognitive function of informal Parkinson’s disease caregiver: Evidence from task-based and resting-state fNIRS

A thorough understanding of the factors that influence patient survival in Parkinson's disease (PD) will aid in prognosis prediction and provide a new direction for disease modification treatment. Currently, there are no standardized mortality ratio (SMR) data for PD patients in the northern Chinese mainland. The main focus of this study was to determine which factors in the prospectively collected baseline characteristics can affect the survival of PD patients. In addition, for the first time, we investigated the SMR of PD patients in northern China.Between 2009 and 2012, 218 PD patients were continuously recruited from the movement disorder clinic of the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University and followed up until death or May 31, 2021. The prespecified prognostic variables were demographics, clinical features, lifestyle factors, and drug dose prospectively collected at baseline. To determine the independent predictors of survival during follow-up, the Cox proportional hazards model was used. Kaplan-Meier analysis was applied to estimate the overall survival curve and to compare survival between layers based on statistically significant predictors. The SMR of this northern Chinese mainland PD cohort was calculated.After a mean follow-up of 9.58 ± 2.27 years, 50 patients (22.90%) died. Factors that could individually predict shortened survival during follow-up included older age at onset (hazard ratio [HR] 1.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06-1.15), Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) stage ≥ 3 (HR 9.36, 95% CI 2.82-31.03) and severe cognitive impairment (HR 6.18, 95% CI 2.75-13.88). Univariate Cox regression revealed that a certain amount of physical activity was associated with better survival (HR 0.41, 95% CI 0.22-0.74), while fatigue was associated with an increased risk of death (HR 2.54, 95% CI 1.37-4.70). The overall SMR was 1.32 (95% CI 0.98-1.74).Older age at onset, higher baseline H&Y stage, and severe cognitive impairment have a negative impact on survival. The 10-year survival of PD patients is not significantly different from that of the general population in China. 

/pdf/survival-in-patients-with-parkinsons-disease-a-ten-year-1hrwe83c.pdf

Survival in patients with Parkinson’s disease: a ten-year follow-up study in northern China

OBJECTIVE
Previous studies have revealed that, compared with Parkinson's disease (PD) patients without freezing of gait (FoG), the ones with FoG showed greater prefrontal activation while doing lower-limb movements involving standing, walking and turning, which require both locomotor and balance control. However, the relation between FoG and pure locomotor control as well as its underlying mechanism remain unclear.


METHODS
A total of 56 PD subjects were recruited and allocated to PD-FoG and PD-noFoG subgroups, and 34 age-matched heathy adults were included as heathy control (HC). Functional near-infrared spectroscopy was used to measure their prefrontal activation in a sitting lower-limb movement task, wherein subjects were asked to sit and tap their right toes as big and as fast as possible.


RESULTS
Result of one-way ANOVA (Group: PD-FoG vs. PD-noFoG vs. HC) revealed greater activation in the right prefrontal cortex in the PD-FoG group than in the other 2 groups. Linear mixed-effects model showed consistent result. Furthermore, the right prefrontal activation positively correlated with the severity of FoG symptoms in PD-FoG patients.


CONCLUSION
These findings suggested that PD patients with FoG require additional cognitive resources to compensate their damaged automaticity in locomotor control, which is more pronounced in severe FoG patients than milder ones.

Greater prefrontal activation during sitting toe tapping predicts severer freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease: an fNIRS study.

Objective
To compare the interictal spontaneous brain activity between migraine without aura(MwoA) patients, Migraine with visual aura(MA) patients and healthy control subjects in order to provide further insights into the complex migraine pathophysiology.


Methods
Twenty–three eligible MwoA patients, twelve MA patients who were treated in the neurology clinics in the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University from March to October 2014 and twenty–five gender–, age– and education– matched healthy volunteers participated in this study.After demographic and clinical characteristics were acquired, a 3.0–T MRI system was used to obtain rfMRI.ReHo method was applied to analyze the synchronization of the BOLD signal in the same time series among neighboring voxels of the brain.


Results
Compared with healthy controls, MwoA patients showed significant decreases in ReHo values in the right thalamus, right putamen, right prefrontal lobe and right hippocampus (P<0.05); while MA patients showed significant decreases in ReHo values in the right thalamus, right putamen, right cerebellum and brainstem, whereas a significant increase in ReHo values in the right occipital lobe (P<0.05). Furthermore, compared with MA patients, increased ReHo values in the right cerebellum and brainstem were shown in the MwoA group (P<0.05).


Conclusions
The results suggest that the resting–state abnormalities of these regions may be associated with functional impairments in pain processing in migraine.Specifically, the results of brain regions may reflect both the similarities and differences of pathophysiological mechanisms relative to the major subtypes of migraine.


Key words: 
Migraine with aura; Migraine without aura; Magnetic resonance imaging; Regional homogeneity

[Altered cortical and subcortical local coherence in migraine with and without aura:evidence from resting-state fMRI].

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

Lu Ren

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

The impact of anxiety on the cognitive function of informal Parkinson’s disease caregiver: Evidence from task-based and resting-state fNIRS

Survival in patients with Parkinson’s disease: a ten-year follow-up study in northern China

Greater prefrontal activation during sitting toe tapping predicts severer freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease: an fNIRS study.

[Altered cortical and subcortical local coherence in migraine with and without aura:evidence from resting-state fMRI].