Along with the increasing incidence of cancer and drawbacks of traditional drug delivery systems (DDSs), developing novel nanocarriers for sustained targeted-drug release has become urgent. In this regard, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as potential candidates due to their structural flexibility, defined porosity, lower toxicity, and biodegradability. Herein, a FeMn-based ferromagnetic MOF was synthesized from a preassembled Fe2Mn(μ3-O) cluster. The introduction of the Mn provided the ferromagnetic character to FeMn-MIL-88B. 5-Fluoruracil (5-FU) was encapsulated as a model drug in the MOFs, and its pH and H2S dual-stimuli responsive controlled release was realized. FeMn-MIL-88B presented a higher 5-FU loading capacity of 43.8 wt % and rapid drug release behavior in a tumor microenvironment (TME) simulated medium. The carriers can rapidly release loaded drug of 70% and 26% in PBS solution (pH = 5.4) and NaHS solution (500 μM) within 24 h. The application of mathematical release models indicated 5-FU release from carriers can be precisely fitted to the first-order, second-order, and Higuchi models of release. Moreover, the cytotoxicity profile of the carrier against human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293T) suggests no adverse effects up to 100 μg/mL. The lesser toxic effect on cell viability can be attributed to the low toxicity values [LD50 (Fe) = 30 g·kg–1, (Mn) = 1.5 g·kg–1, and (terephthalic acid) = 5 g·kg–1] of the MOFs structural components. Together with dual-stimuli responsiveness, ferromagnetic nature, and low toxicity, FeMn-MIL-88B MOFs can emerge as promising carriers for drug delivery applications.

Programmable Drug Release from a Dual-Stimuli Responsive Magnetic Metal–Organic Framework

The high porosity and versatile structures of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) as new theranostic platforms have drawn broad attention and have been widely explored. This has inspired the use of MOFs to encapsulate various functional nanoparticles within the frameworks to further develop and extend the biomedical applications in drug delivery and bioimaging. Herein, we fabricated yolk–shell magnetic composites Fe3O4@Co/Zn-ZIF towards magnetic resonance (MR) imaging-guided chemotherapy by combining a controlled encapsulation process with a mild phase transformation under solvothermal conditions. The designed yolk–shell composites Fe3O4@Co/Zn-ZIF exhibited high doxorubicin (DOX) loading capacity, pH-responsive release characteristics, good biocompatibility and strong T2-weighted MR imaging contrast enhancement. The hollow structure Co/Zn-ZIF serving as a shell could collapse under low pH conditions, and achieved controlled release of drugs. Dopamine-modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Fe3O4–DA NPs) as the core could confer Fe3O4@Co/Zn-ZIF with outstanding MR imaging capacity and facile magnetic separation. This strategy sheds light on a new way to develop multifunctional drug delivery systems by using hollow structures of MOFs as hosts for different functional nanoparticles.

Yolk–shell magnetic composite Fe3O4@Co/Zn-ZIF for MR imaging-guided chemotherapy of tumors in vivo

Perovskite film-quality is a crucial factor to improve the photovoltaic properties of perovskite solar cells, which is closely related to the morphology of crystallization grain size of the perovskite layer. However, defects and trap sites are inevitably generated on the surface and at the grain boundaries of the perovskite layer. Here, we report a convenient method for preparing dense and uniform perovskite films, employing g-C3N4 quantum dots doped into the perovskite layer by regulating proper proportions. This process produces perovskite films with dense microstructures and flat surfaces. As a result, the higher fill factor (0.78) and a power conversion efficiency of 20.02% are obtained by the defect passivation of g-C3N4QDs.

/pdf/reduced-electron-relaxation-time-of-perovskite-films-via-g-13rbuetf.pdf

Reduced electron relaxation time of perovskite films via g-C3N4 quantum dot doping for high-performance perovskite solar cells

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Yolk–shell magnetic composite Fe3O4@Co/Zn-ZIF for MR imaging-guided chemotherapy of tumors in vivo

Reduced electron relaxation time of perovskite films via g-C3N4 quantum dot doping for high-performance perovskite solar cells