In petroleum industry, oil production strategy to circumvent water coning in reservoirs with strong water drive is quit challenging. To ameliorate this oil production related problem, several water coning prediction models and control approaches have been developed by researchers. The prediction approaches include analytical, empirical and numerical approach. The analytical and empirical prediction approaches are qualitative water coning prediction approach with limited field scale application. However, these approaches model predictions can gain field application if upscale. Numerical approach has provided the fulcrum to study the complexity of water coning phenomenon in bottom-water drive reservoirs, and its prediction and sensitivity results have found wide field application. In addition, the various developed water coning control methods: downhole oil-water separation (DOWS), downhole water sink (DWS), downhole water loop (DWL), among others have proved to be effective, as it reduces the water-cut, produced water and water handling Review Article Okon et al.; JSRR, 14(4): 1-24, 2017; Article no.JSRR.33291 2 problem at the surface during hydrocarbon production. However, the challenge of producing the bypassed oil in the reservoir remains unattended with these coning control methods. Also, even as effective as these water coning control methods may seems, they have their drawbacks that limit their application in certain reservoirs. Therefore, developing integrated approach that is adaptive to control water coning and produce bypassed oil in bottom-water drive reservoirs is important to the oil and gas industry.

/pdf/water-coning-prediction-review-and-control-developing-an-1vv982ar3r.pdf

Water Coning Prediction Review and Control: Developing an Integrated Approach

https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3050&context=gradschool_dissertations

A feasibility study of multi-functional wells for water coning control and disposal

Determination and Implication of Ultimate Water Cut in Well-Spacing Design for Reservoirs with Water Coning

Recently, cost, and adverse environmental impacts of wastewater treatment in oil and gas industries have been elevated. Due to several negative environmental consequences, the methods for decreasing this large amount of water production are essential. Such methods can remove or decrease application of water treatment and desalination, which cause numerous environmental consequences. Downhole water sink (DWS) production is one of the methods to control wastewater production. It produces water from the aquifer to prevent water movement to the underground oil production zone. Consequently, the application of desalination plants, and their environmental drawbacks become limited. The optimal design for DWS is important to provide an efficient process regarding technical and economic aspects. DWS modeling, sensitivity analysis, and optimization are investigated as the solutions in this work based on the simulation of a reliable published model following numerical validations. In this work, in a fair comparison, it is shown that, DWS is more beneficial than conventional production with respect to water cut and oil production rate, evidentially. The related NPV is considerably improved from 1.01E+07 [$] to 1.16E+07 [$]. In the sensitivity analysis of DWS, opening length and water drainage rate, as the effective variables, have been analyzed prior to optimization, showing high sensitivity of NPV to this variable. By analyzing the mesh resolution, it is concluded that although in the vertical direction, there was no sensitivity more the mentioned model, the NPV is sensitive to grid resolution in the radial direction. Accordingly, a coarsened model is prepared to accelerate calculation in optimization in addition the fine-grid model. Afterward, by adopting a stochastic optimization technique to DWS design, the NPV is improved from 2.17E+08 [$] to 4.67E+08 [$], and the resulted optimized variables are conformed with the sensitivity results. Moreover, the effect of anisotropy on reservoir production behavior is analyzed in DWS design. This study shows that by increasing the vertical to horizontal permeability, the water production increases and oil production decreases. Finally, to verify the optimization results, a comparison between non-optimized and optimized DWS reveals significant improvement from 6.50E+07 [$] to 4.67E+08 can be obtained.

Development of an effective design for a down-hole water sink to control water in oil production wells

Polymer flooding is the evolution of conventional water flooding technique. Instead of using just water to displace oil, polymer is used as an alternative to injection water. The polymer introduced to the injection water affects the viscosity of displaced fluid and hence decreases mobility ratio, improves stratification efficiencies and frontal saturations. The relative flow rates of water and oil are altered by the polymer solution, sweeping larger area of the reservoir and; therefore, more oil is in contact with the polymer solution and displaced to the production well. One of the principal purpose of this research is to examine the efficiency of polymer flooding in an oilfield by performing sensitivity analysis, which includes altering injection timing, polymer concentration, injection rate, injection layer, injection period and well configurations in a Western Australian oilfield. Also, water flooding is to be conducted as a base case to compare the efficiency of oil recovery for polymer flooding. A 7x7x6 box model was built and all the reservoir fluid data were analyzed using Computer Modeling Group (STARS). The results show that there is a slight increase in oil recovery (1.72%) after polymer is injected. However, by changing the well configurations, a significant increment of 12.46% of oil recovery is observed. Keyword: Enhanced oil recovery, modeling, oil recovery, CMG, polymer flooding.

/pdf/investigate-polymer-flooding-for-enhanced-oil-recovery-in-a-3ysgt244mx.pdf

Investigate Polymer Flooding for Enhanced Oil Recovery in a Mature Oil Field

/pdf/downhole-water-loop-dwl-well-completion-for-water-coning-zzagympesw.pdf

Downhole water loop (DWL) well completion for water coning control --- theoretical analysis

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Downhole water loop (DWL) well completion for water coning control --- theoretical analysis