Pseudomonas fluorescens promote photosynthesis, carbon fixation and cadmium phytoremediation of hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii

Sedum alfredii Hance is a zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd) hyperaccumulator plant. However, the regulatory role of plant hormones in the Zn or Cd uptake and accumulation of S. alfredii remains unclear. In this work, the growth, Cd accumulation, abscisic acid (ABA) synthesis and catabolism, malonaldehyde (MDA) content, and transcriptional level of some Cd stress response genes under ABA and Cd co-treatment were investigated to reveal the impact of ABA on Cd resistance and Cd accumulation of S. alfredii. The results show that 0.2 mg/L ABA and 100 μmol/L Cd co-treatment enhanced Cd accumulation and growth in S. alfredii, whereas lower or higher ABA concentrations weaken or even reverse this effect, which was positively correlated with endogenous ABA content. The increase in endogenous ABA content might be the results of the increasing ABA synthetase activities and decreasing ABA lytic enzyme, which was induced by the application of 0.2 mg/L ABA under 100 μmol/L Cd treatment. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that ABA impacted the expression pattern of Cd stress response genes, which coincided with the Cd accumulation pattern in the shoots of S. alfredii. Cross-over analysis of partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and correlation analysis indicated that HsfA4c, HMA4 expression in roots, and HMA2, HMA3, CAD, NAS expression in shoots were correlated with endogenous ABA, which suggests that endogenous ABA improves Cd resistance of seedlings, switches the root-to-shoot transporter from HMA2 to HMA4, and transports more Cd into apoplasts to promote Cd accumulation in the shoots of S. alfredii. Taken together, ABA plays an essential role not only in Cd resistance but also in Cd transport from root to shoot in S. alfredii under Cd stress.

Exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) promotes cadmium (Cd) accumulation in Sedum alfredii Hance by regulating the expression of Cd stress response genes

Toxic cyanobacterial blooms are often observed in freshwaters and may reflect the increased eutrophication of these environments and alterations in climate. Cyanotoxins, such as microcystins (MCs), are an effective threat to many life forms, ranging from plants to humans. Despite the research conducted to date on cyanotoxins, the risks associated to the use of contaminated water in agriculture require further elucidation. To tackle this aim, a research was conducted with the root-vegetable Daucus carota. The specific aims of this work were the following: (i) to evaluate the effects of MC-LR on the plant growth and photosynthesis; (ii) to evaluate the nutritional quality of carrot roots; and (iii) to measure bioaccumulation. To this purpose, young carrots were grown in soil during 1 month in natural conditions and exposed to Mycrocystis aeruginosa aqueous extracts containing environmentally realistic concentrations of MC-LR (10 and 50 MC-LR μg/L). The results showed that MC-LR may decrease root growth after 28 days of exposure to 50 μg/L and increase photosynthetic efficiency. We also observed changes in mineral and vitamin content in carrots as a result of the exposure to contaminated water. Moreover, MC-LR was detected in carrot roots by ELISA at very low concentration 5.23 ± 0.47 ng MC eq./g FW. The soil retained 52.7 % of the toxin potentially available for plants. This result could be attributed to MC-LR adsorption by soil particles or due to microbial degradation of the toxin. We conclude that the prolonged use of MC-LR-contaminated water may affect crop growth, alter the nutritional value of vegetable products, and potentiate contamination.

/pdf/analysis-of-the-use-of-microcystin-contaminated-water-in-the-2eir1be7ud.pdf

Analysis of the use of microcystin-contaminated water in the growth and nutritional quality of the root-vegetable, Daucus carota

Combined effects of elevated CO2 and Cd-contaminated water on growth, photosynthetic response, Cd accumulation and thiolic components status in Lemna minor L.

The front-heavy and back-light nitrogen application mode to increase stem and leaf biomass significantly improved cadmium accumulation in Solanum nigrum L.

The combined effects of elevated CO2 and cadmium (Cd) on photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll fluorescence and Cd accumulation in hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii Hance were investigated to predict plant growth under Cd stress with rising atmospheric CO2 concentration. Both pot and hydroponic experiments were conducted and the plants were grown under ambient (350 µL L(-1)) or elevated (800 µL L(-1)) CO2 . Elevated CO2 significantly (P < 0.05) increased Pn (105%-149%), Pnmax (38.8%-63.0%) and AQY (20.0%-34.8%) of S. alfredii in all the Cd treatments, but reduced chlorophyll concentration, dark respiration and photorespiration. After 10 days growth in medium with 50 µM Cd under elevated CO2 , PSII activities were significantly enhanced (P < 0.05) with Pm, Fv/Fm, Φ(II) and qP increased by 66.1%, 7.5%, 19.5% and 16.4%, respectively, as compared with ambient-grown plants. Total Cd uptake in shoot of S. alfredii grown under elevated CO2 was increased by 44.1%-48.5%, which was positively correlated with the increase in Pn. These results indicate that elevated CO2 promoted the growth of S. alfredii due to increased photosynthetic carbon uptake rate and photosynthetic light-use efficiency, and showed great potential to improve the phytoextraction of Cd by S. alfredii.

Effect of elevated CO2 concentration on photosynthetic characteristics of hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii under cadmium stress.

The invention relates to surfactants, and aims at providing a novel desorbent for processing diesel polluted soil and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method of the novel desorbent for processing diesel polluted soil comprises the steps: performing orthogonal experiments to determine optimum experiment conditions; under the determined optimum experiment conditions, respectively performing comparison experiments about the desorption effect on diesel of single desorption agents and composite desorption agents both shown in the specification, selecting one soil group with highest diesel desorption rate, so as to find the composite desorbent which is the novel composite desorbent for processing diesel polluted soil, wherein the composite desorbent is composed of sodium dodecyl sulfate, saponin, sodium silicate and water. The novel desorbent provided by the invention not only has the characteristics of being wide in scope, high in processing efficiency, wide and cheap in raw materials and the like, but also has the characteristic of being environment-friendly, and is suitable for popularization and use. The novel desorbent not only helps to reduce secondary pollution to soil, but also has relatively high diesel desorption rate when applied to process diesel polluted soil.

Novel desorbent for processing diesel polluted soil and preparation method thereof

The invention relates to the technical field of chemical restoration, and aims at providing a novel petroleum desorption agent reinforced by sodium carbonate. The petroleum desorption agent reinforced by sodium carbonate is prepared by shaking an anionic surfactant lauryl sodium sulfate (SDS), a biological surfactant saponin, an auxiliary agent sodium silicate and sodium carbonate in as a solvent of ultrapure water for 50 min at a temperature of 70 DEG C. After preparation, a concentration of anionic surfactant lauryl sodium sulfate is 0.5g/L; a concentration of the biological surfactant saponin is 0.5g/L; a concentration of the auxiliary agent sodium silicate is 5g/L; and a concentration of sodium carbonate is 7g/L. The novel petroleum desorption agent reinforced by sodium carbonate has the following beneficial effects that, under the same experiment conditions, petroleum desorption efficiency of the novel desorption agent is increased by about 5-10% than that of a conventional desorption agent while a use amount of the novel desorption agent is only 1/5 of that of the conventional desorption agent; the novel desorption agent has the characteristics of simple preparation, safety and efficiency, and has wide application prospects in restoration of soil contaminated by petroleum.

Novel petroleum desorption agent reinforced by sodium carbonate

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Effect of elevated CO2 concentration on photosynthetic characteristics of hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii under cadmium stress.

Novel desorbent for processing diesel polluted soil and preparation method thereof

Novel petroleum desorption agent reinforced by sodium carbonate