Water-Soluble Conjugated Polymers for Imaging, Diagnosis, and Therapy

A central challenge of genomics is to detect, simply and inexpensively, all differences in sequence among the genomes of individual members of a species. We devised a system to detect all singlenucleotide differences between genomes with the use of data from a single hybridization to a whole-genome DNA microarray. This allowed us to detect a variety of spontaneous single–base pair substitutions, insertions, and deletions, and most (990%) of the E30,000 known single-nucleotide polymorphisms between two Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains. We applied this approach to elucidate the genetic basis of phenotypic variants and to identify the small number of single–base pair changes accumulated during experimental evolution of yeast.

Polymorphisms at Nucleotide Resolution with a Single DNA Microarray

Fluorescent thiophene-based materials and their outlook for emissive applications.

The recent pandemic of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused huge worldwide disruption due to the lack of available testing locations and equipment. The use of optical techniques for viral detection has flourished in the past 15âyears, providing more reliable, inexpensive, and accurate detection methods. In the current minireview, optical phenomena including fluorescence, surface plasmons, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), and colorimetry are discussed in the context of detecting virus pathogens. The sensitivity of a viral detection method can be dramatically improved by using materials that exhibit surface plasmons or SERS, but often this requires advanced instrumentation for detection. Although fluorescence and colorimetry lack high sensitivity, they show promise as point-of-care diagnostics because of their relatively less complicated instrumentation, ease of use, lower costs, and the fact that they do not require nucleic acid amplification. The advantages and disadvantages of each optical detection method are presented, and prospects for applying optical biosensors in COVID-19 detection are discussed.

https://chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/cbic.202000744

Optical Biosensors for Virus Detection: Prospects for SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19.

An electrochemical DNA biosensor was successfully fabricated by using (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) as a linker molecule combined with the gold nanoparticles (GNPs) on thermally oxidized SiO2 thin films. The SiO2 thin films surface was chemically modified with a mixture of APTES and GNPs for DNA detection in different time periods of 30 min, 1 hour, 2 hours, and 4 hours, respectively. The DNA immobilization and hybridization were conducted by measuring the differences of the capacitance value within the frequency range of 1 Hz to 1 MHz. The capacitance values for DNA immobilization were 160 µF, 77.8 µF, 70 µF, and 64.6 µF, respectively, with the period of time from 30 min to 4 hours. Meanwhile the capacitance values for DNA hybridization were 44 µF, 54 µF, 55 µF, and 61.5 µF, respectively. The capacitance value of bare SiO2 thin film was 0.42 µF, which was set as a base line for a reference in DNA detection. The differences of the capacitance value between the DNA immobilization and hybridization revealed that the modified SiO2 thin films using APTES and GNPs were successfully developed for DNA detection.

/pdf/application-of-gold-nanoparticles-for-electrochemical-dna-1jot6pc7l3.pdf

Application of gold nanoparticles for electrochemical DNA biosensor

Water-soluble fluorescent conjugated polymers can be used as an optical platform in highly sensitive DNA sensors. Here we report a simple label-free DNA sensor using poly(3-alkoxy-4-methylthiophene) to recognize and detect different oligonucleotide targets related to the YMDD gene mutation of hepatitis B virus. The concentration of surfactant Triton X-100, NaCl, the oligonucleotide capture probe and the oligonucleotide hybridization conditions have a great impact on fluorescence intensity. Under the optimum conditions, two types of oligonucleotide targets involving YMDD gene mutation of hepatitis B virus were successfully recognized. Moreover, there was a linear relationship between fluorescence intensity and the concentration of oligonucleotide target. The detection limit of the wild-type hepatitis B virus target is 88 pmol L−1. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Label‐free DNA sensor based on fluorescent cationic polythiophene for the sensitive detection of hepatitis B virus oligonucleotides

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Label‐free DNA sensor based on fluorescent cationic polythiophene for the sensitive detection of hepatitis B virus oligonucleotides