TELEMEDICINE can be broadly defined as the use of telecommunications technologies to provide medical information and services. Although this definition includes medical uses of the telephone, facsimile, and distance education,telemedicineis increasingly being used as shorthand for remote electronic clinical consultation. Interest in the field has increased dramatically in the 1990s. State and federal allocations for telemedicine and related technologies are likely to exceed $100 million in fiscal 1994-1995.1At least 13 federal agencies, including the US Department of Commerce, Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA), Office of Rural Health Policy, and US Department of Defense, have begun telemedicine research and demonstration programs. Many states are using their own resources to build state-of-the-art telemedicine systems, some with capital investments exceeding $50 million. Faith in this technology is not universal, however. Depending on one's viewpoint, telemedicine may be seen as a valuable tool for providing badly needed specialty care services

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/JAMA/articlepdf/386892/jama_273_6_037.pdf

Telemedicine Technology and Clinical Applications

Telepathology is the process of diagnostic histopathology performed on digital images viewed on a display screen rather than by conventional glass slide light microscopy. The technology of telepathology has radically improved over the past 5 years so that it is no longer the limiting factor in the diagnostic process. This review looks at the resources needed for dynamic and static telepathology, including image quality, computers and software interfaces, means of transmission and human resources. It critically analyses 32 published trials of telepathology, including some large prospective studies, in all areas of diagnostic histopathology including intraoperative frozen sections, routine and referral cases. New developments, including internet solutions and virtual microscopy, are described and there is analysis of the economics of telepathology within health care systems. The review concludes that all the necessary technology for telepathology is available, there is strong published evidence for a diagnostic accuracy comparable with glass slide diagnosis, in many contexts there is a clear-cut economic argument in favour of telepathology, and that the technique should now be integrated into mainstream diagnostic histopathology.

Telepathology: current status and future prospects in diagnostic histopathology

Telepathology diagnosis by means of digital still images: An international validation study

A system and method for visual image compression and transmission offers significant bandwidth conservation while retaining high resolution imaging capability. Videograpic images are decomposed into detail levels, and images are delivered to a remote site display at a level of detail proportional to the perception level of a viewer. Images are transformed, quantized, coded and queued for transmission in accordance with their level of image detail. Image detail layers are transmitted as an inverse function of image displacement speed and as a direct function of image magnification. Images are constructed vertically with each additional queueing layer providing additional image detail. Higher priority layers are lossy encoded, while the lowest priority layers (highest detail levels) are losslessly encoded.

Compression packaged image transmission for telemicroscopy

Static image analysis of skin specimens: The application of telepathology to frozen section evaluation

Telepathology with an integrated services digital network--a new tool for image transfer in surgical pathology: a preliminary report.

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Telepathology with an integrated services digital network--a new tool for image transfer in surgical pathology: a preliminary report.