Mitochondria and reactive oxygen species.

Role of oxygen in the cellular damage induced by re-oxygenation of hypoxic heart.

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is located in close proximity of the respiratory chains, which are the main cellular source of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS can induce oxidative base lesions in mtDNA and are believed to be an important cause of the mtDNA mutations, which accumulate with aging and in diseased states. However, recent studies indicate that cumulative levels of base substitutions in mtDNA can be very low even in old individuals. Considering the reduced complement of DNA repair pathways available in mitochondria and higher susceptibility of mtDNA to oxidative damage than nDNA, it is presently unclear how mitochondria manage to maintain the integrity of their genetic information in the face of the permanent exposure to ROS. Here we show that oxidative stress can lead to the degradation of mtDNA and that strand breaks and abasic sites prevail over mutagenic base lesions in ROS-damaged mtDNA. Furthermore, we found that inhibition of base excision repair enhanced mtDNA degradation in response to both oxidative and alkylating damage. These observations suggest a novel mechanism for the protection of mtDNA against oxidative insults whereby a higher incidence of lesions to the sugar-phosphate backbone induces degradation of damaged mtDNA and prevents the accumulation of mutagenic base lesions.

/pdf/oxidative-stress-induces-degradation-of-mitochondrial-dna-u3wf711n4a.pdf

Oxidative stress induces degradation of mitochondrial DNA.

// Anna V. Kudryavtseva 1,2 , George S. Krasnov 1 , Alexey A. Dmitriev 1 , Boris Y. Alekseev 2 , Olga L. Kardymon 1 , Asiya F. Sadritdinova 1,2 , Maria S. Fedorova 1 , Anatoly V. Pokrovsky 3 , Nataliya V. Melnikova 1 , Andrey D. Kaprin 2 , Alexey A. Moskalev 1,4 and Anastasiya V. Snezhkina 1 1 Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia 2 National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia 3 A.V. Vishnevsky Institute of Surgery, Moscow, Russia 4 Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia Correspondence to: Anna V. Kudryavtseva, email: // Keywords : oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, ROS, aging, cancer, Gerotarget Received : November 23, 2015 Accepted : May 28, 2016 Published : June 05, 2016 Abstract Aging and cancer are the most important issues to research. The population in the world is growing older, and the incidence of cancer increases with age. There is no doubt about the linkage between aging and cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this association are still unknown. Several lines of evidence suggest that the oxidative stress as a cause and/or consequence of the mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the main drivers of these processes. Increasing ROS levels and products of the oxidative stress, which occur in aging and age-related disorders, were also found in cancer. This review focuses on the similarities between ageing-associated and cancer-associated oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction as their common phenotype.

/pdf/mitochondrial-dysfunction-and-oxidative-stress-in-aging-and-3xigwgfqet.pdf

Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in aging and cancer

Bisphenol A induces reactive oxygen species generation in the liver of male rats

The mitochondrial respiratory chain has been shown to produce H2O2 under certain conditions (Loschen, Flohe, and Chance, 1971; Boveris, Oshino, and Chance, 1972; Loschen, Azzui, and Flohe, 1973; Boveris and Chance, 1973) At least 1 percent of the total oxygen uptake in State 4 (Chance and Williams, 1956) in the presence of succinate is caused by H2O2 formation (Boveris et al, 1972) It was shown that the component responsible for mitochondrial H2O2 formation is located between the sites of the antimycin and rotenone inhibition (Loschen et al, 1971; Boveris et al, 1972) The possible physiological consequences of a respiratory chain-linked H2O2 formation is not yet understood It would therefore be of significance to know whether oxygen radicals are involved in this process or not It was recently suggested by Rotilio et al (1973) that enzyme systems producing H2O2 via oxygen radicals are always closely associated with a superoxide dismutase Thus, the existence of a mitochondrial superoxide dismutase located in the matrix space (Weisiger and Fridovich, 1973) prompted us to look for oxygen radicals as possible intermediates in the mechanism of the formation of mitochondrial H2O2 In the present communication we show that, under the same conditions in which H2O2 is formed in the mitochondrial respiratoy chain, oxygen radical formation can be demonstrated also A possible relationship of this finding with lipid peroxidation and the toxic effects of hyperbaric oxygen is likely

On the formation of hydrogen peroxide and oxygen radicals in heart mitochondria.

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

Loschen G

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

On the formation of hydrogen peroxide and oxygen radicals in heart mitochondria.