Rosenblat MA, Perrotta AS, and Vicenzino B. Polarized vs. threshold training intensity distribution on endurance sport performance: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Strength Cond Res 33(12): 3491-3500, 2019-The objective of this review was to systematically search the literature to identify and analyze data from randomized controlled trials that compare the effects of a polarized training model (POL) vs. a threshold training model (THR) on measurements of sport performance in endurance athletes. This systematic review and meta-analysis is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42016050942). The literature search was performed on November 6, 2016 and included SPORTDiscus (1800-present), CINAHL Complete (1981-present), and Medline with Full Text (1946-present). Studies were selected if they included: random allocation, endurance-trained athletes with greater than 2 years of training experience and VO2max/peak >50 ml·kg·min, a POL group, a THR group, assessed either internal (e.g., VO2max) or external (e.g., time trial) measurements of endurance sport performance. The databases SPORTDiscus, Medline and CINAHL yielded a combined 329 results. Four studies met the inclusion criteria for the qualitative analysis, and 3 for the meta-analysis. Two of the 4 studies included in the review scored a 4/10 on the PEDro Scale and 2 scored a 5/10. With respect to outcome measurements, 3 studies included time-trial performance, 3 included VO2max or VO2peak, 2 studies measured time-to-exhaustion, and one study included exercise economy. There was sufficient data to conduct a meta-analysis on time-trial performance. The pooled results demonstrate a moderate effect (ES = -0.66; 95% CI: -1.17 to -0.15) favoring the POL group over the THR group. These results suggest that POL may lead to a greater improvement in endurance sport performance than THR.

Polarized vs. Threshold Training Intensity Distribution on Endurance Sport Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Growing stronger together: Implementing the Strengthening Families Program with Indigenous communities.

This chapter describes twelve evidence-based treatments (EBTs) and their use with maltreated children. While some evidence-based treatments have always been trauma-specific, that is, dealing specifically with the trauma and resulting symptoms of traumatic stress, others only focused on reducing symptoms. In this chapter, we describe the disruptive effects of child maltreatment on children’s development, giving an overview of the effects of child maltreatment on developing children, with an emphasis on common maladaptive responses to abuse and neglect. Then we describe how a select number of well-researched, empirically based treatments that we believe address key issues in infancy, toddlerhood, young childhood, middle childhood, and adolescence work to reduce trauma symptoms, improve psychological well-being in maltreated children, as well as any changes they might have made to ensure that the intervention is as effective for traumatized children as possible and guards against re-traumatization. Last, because of the disproportionately high numbers of ethnic minority child maltreatment victims and child abuse and neglect fatalities, we will also report on EBT developers’ efforts to address racial and cultural equity in their interventions. 

Trauma-Informed Care for Maltreated Children: Evidence-Based Treatments from a Developmental Perspective

Promoting First Relationship (PFR) is an evidence-based intervention designed to promote positive, supportive relationships between primary caregivers and their young children. Implementing and testing the efficacy of PFR in a remote Native community is especially challenging and requires methods and tools for ensuring implementation fidelity. Tribal members of a Native community were successfully trained and certified to deliver PFR by university-based personnel. During PFR delivery, they achieved very high scores on adherence to intervention content (M = 0.99, SD = 0.02), and their quality of delivery uniformly exceeded established criteria. High attrition occurred before PFR was delivered. However, participants who remained in the study completed all 10 sessions of PFR content. Participants' satisfaction with the program was very high (M = 3.90 [of 4 points], SD = 0.19). High implementation fidelity was attained in the face of many inherent challenges. The suite of methods and tools used for training, monitoring, and evaluating implementation fidelity in this study provides an example that may be useful in the evaluation of evidence-based programs more generally.

Implementation fidelity of the Promoting First Relationships intervention program in a Native community.

Family-centred interventions for Indigenous early childhood well-being by primary healthcare services

BackgroundFew, if any, home visiting programs for children under the age of three have been culturally adapted for American Indian reservation settings. We recently adapted one such program: Promot...

Promoting First Relationships®: Implementing a Home Visiting Research Program in Two American Indian Communities.

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Promoting First Relationships®: Implementing a Home Visiting Research Program in Two American Indian Communities.