Two studies investigated college students' ratings about hypothetical behaviors performed by a self-reported friend or romantic partner. In Study 1 participants read scenarios involving themselves and a friend, romantic partner or unfamiliar peer whose behavior resulted in either a positive or negative outcome for the participant. Ratings of the partner's behavior were equally positive for friends and romantic partners and were both significantly higher than behavioral ratings for unfamiliar peers. Ratings of friends' and romantic partners' behavior were also related to participants' ratings of the quality of those relationships. In Study 2 participants read scenarios describing situations in which behavioral expectations might differ for friends and romantic partners, resulting in participants generally providing higher ratings for friends' behaviors. Results are discussed in terms of partner enhancement and relationship expectations.

Judgments about the hypothetical behaviors of friends and romantic partners

Friendship factors have been implicated in adolescent suicidality, but this relationship has not been verified across ethnicities. This study examined suicidality and friendship problems (i.e., social isolation, poor friendship quality, friends' school disconnection, and friends' delinquency) among Mexican American adolescents, an understudied, vulnerable group in terms of suicidality. Three hundred thirty-eight community adolescents, two-thirds of whom were educationally at-risk, participated in the study. Suicidal ideation and behavior rates were high, particularly among girls. Friends' school disconnectedness increased girls' odds for suicidal ideation by 13%. This association was even greater for girls in good academic standing. Friendship problems were not associated with suicidality in boys. Ethnic identity was a minor factor in suicidal ideation, and only for girls. These findings confirm, among Mexican American adolescents, the role of gender in the relationship between friendship and suicidality.

Friendships and Suicidality among Mexican American Adolescent Girls and Boys.

The present study examined the relationships among various aspects of peer relationships to violence in 128 female juvenile offenders representing four racial/ethnic groups (i.e., Caucasian, African American, Hispanic, and biracial/multiracial). Results revealed that high levels of peer association and extrinsic rewards from peer relationships best predicted violence among all groups. Furthermore, among Hispanics, positive peer attitudes toward delinquency significantly contributed to violence. Among Caucasians, greater time spent with peers was associated with higher levels of violence. For African Americans, tangible rewards from peer relationships significantly contributed to violence. No significant results were found among biracial/multiracial female offenders. The findings from this study highlight the significant influence of peer relationships on violence among juvenile offenders and suggest the need for further research on racial and ethnic differences.

http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0093854807311114

Peer Relationships and Violence Among Female Juvenile Offenders: An Exploration of Differences among Four Racial/Ethnic Populations

Peer Relations Among Female Delinquents: A Study of Racial/Ethnic Differences and Violence by Jenna Rachael Silverman Douglas P. Ferraro, Ph. D., Examination Committee Chair Professor of Psychology University of Nevada, Las Vegas Recent increases in violence rates among female juveniles, especially African Americans and Hispanics, have necessitated an investigation of contributors to violence. The present study examines differential aspects of peer relationships as predictors of violence among female juvenile offenders, taking racial/ethnic differences into account. Questionnaires assessing for peer relationship variables (i.e., attachment, perceptions of delinquency, involvement in peer pressure, and association with delinquent peers) and delinquent and violent behavior were administered to 136 female juvenile offenders. The results showed that high levels of peer association and extrinsic rewards from peer relationships best predicted violence among female juvenile offenders. Among Caucasians, African Americans, and Hispanics, separate dimensions of peer relationships differentially predicted violent behavior.

/pdf/peer-relations-among-female-delinquents-a-study-of-racial-1o34md249i.pdf

Peer relations among female delinquents: A study of racial/ethnic differences and violence

The Role of Friendship for Adolescent Development in African American Youth.

Gender and ethnic patterns in ratings and assessments of four dimensions of friendship qualities were investigated (emotional attachment, support, shared activities, and conflicts) with 122 Anglo-American and Mexican American early adolescents (63 girls; mean age 10.36 years), as were links between ratings and assessments. Participants named a favorite friend, rated their perceptions of the hypothetical behaviors of that friend or an unfamiliar peer in scenarios that varied by actor’s intention and outcome of the actor’s behavior on the participant, and completed two measures designed to assess friendship quality. Girls, but not boys, rated friends’ behaviors as more positive than the similar behaviors of unfamiliar peers and reported higher levels of attachment and support in their friendships. Similar rating patterns were found for Anglo-American and Mexican American participants. In addition, ratings of friends’ behaviors in scenarios that presented neutral intentions were correlated with the level of ...

Judgment Biases and Characteristics of Friendships of Mexican American and Anglo-American Girls and Boys

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Judgment Biases and Characteristics of Friendships of Mexican American and Anglo-American Girls and Boys