The integration Internet of Things (IoT) generally identical with Cloud computing. IoT aims to connect the heterogeneous objects/devices with each other, in order to communicate or exchange data/information. Development of the Cloud IoT system, have challenges to achieve these objectives, such as middleware, interoperability and scalability of system. In this paper, we will discuss the solution of the challenges, by applying the publish and subscriber method, using MQTT protocol. This paper, proposed of architecture model design, which is implemented in the form of system topology. This topology apply to monitor and control the provision of nutrition hydroponics, accessible as a Cloud SaaS. From the test results, average node response time needed to connect and communicate with IoT Cloud system (online) is 7.21 seconds. The time required to declare offline state of a node is 21.55 seconds. The test results of Cloud IoT (broker), obtained that number of nodes for each level QoS, affecting resource usage of CPU and throughput. The highest resource usage of CPU is 19% of 2.0GHz and throughput TX/RX is 34.68KBps/49.4KBps. This result obtained from 1000 nodes scheme testing with 1 messages/node, by using simulation application, on QoS level 2. The average of minimum bandwidth used is ± 0.90Kbps by 1 publisher, to send 1 message with 115 Bytes of payload size, on each 3 levels of QoS MQTT, and approximately ± 0.04Kbps on subscriber to receive that message.

Internet of things using publish and subscribe method cloud-based application to NFT-based hydroponic system

La Red Electrica Inteligente, concebida como el tendido electrico mejorado con las Tecnologias de la Informacion y las Comunicaciones dirigidas a optimizar el consumo de electricidad, permitir una participacion bidireccional en la energia suministrada y mejorar la red electrica con caracteristicas como la Respuesta ante la Demanda, Gestion de la Demanda o el Flujo de Potencia Optimo, se esta convirtiendo en uno de los sistemas ciberfisicos mas convincentes desarrollado actualmente. Su capacidad para aumentar la energia utilizable de manera sostenible, asi como obtener mas informacion sobre su utilidad real, hace posible la mejora del nivel de vida de muchas personas en todo el mundo de una manera mas transparente y abierta. Ademas, al poder integrar la relativamente pequena potencia suministrada por fuentes de energia renovable aportadas por los usuarios finales que participan en la Red Electrica Inteligente (que se convierten en "prosumidores", ya que ambos producen y consumen electricidad), democratiza el acceso a la energia y permite un mayor grado de competitividad entre los actores tradicionales de los mercados energeticos y los recien llegados, garantizando asi la mejora general de los servicios que pueden aportar las empresas de utilidades. Sin embargo, todavia hay muchas cuestiones abiertas que deben ser resueltas antes de utilizar completamente el potencial de la Red Electrica Inteligente en nuestro beneficio. Entre estas cuestiones, la interoperabilidad de los dispositivos instalados es una de los principales. El equipo que se utiliza en los despliegues de este tipo (Infraestructura de Medicion Avanzada, Unidades de Medida de Fasores, Unidades Terminales Remotas, etc.) es fabricado por diferentes companias con diferentes conocimientos e intereses. Por tanto, la implementacion de sus productos tiene a menudo diferentes formas de transmitir informacion o incluso soluciones propietarias con un bajo grado de compatibilidad con otros dispositivos. De alguna manera, el statu quo es similar a la situacion de las redes de ordenadores antes de que se publicaran los primeros estandares: un conjunto de fabricantes ofrecen sus propias soluciones para proporcionar servicios y conectividad, pero tienen problemas al cooperar con los desarrolladores de otros fabricantes de equipos que pueden tener diferentes perspectivas sobre las tecnologias que se pueden utilizar para la transmision de datos. Aparte de eso, los servicios que deberian estar disponibles para una Red Electrica Inteligente o una de sus contrapartes de menor escala (microrred, nanorred) no estan claros, ni en terminos de que servicios deben ser o donde deben estar ubicados. Si bien hay algunas funcionalidades de alto nivel que generalmente se consideran casi obligatorias (las anteriormente mencionadas Gestion de Lado de la Demanda, registro de dispositivos, Respuesta a la Demanda, Flujo Optimo de Potencia), otras facilidades centradas en datos se describen de una manera mas vaga. Las especificaciones de seguridad, la existencia de capacidades semanticas, como acceder a las capacidades en un despliegue especifico o incluso como los dispositivos de hardware se integran no se describen con suficiente detalle. Esta cuestion pone en peligro el objetivo principal de instalar y desarrollar componentes en esta area de conocimiento, ya que dificulta una mayor integracion de tanto sistemas heredados que pueden haber sido utilizados por las grandes empresas de utilidades durante mucho tiempo como nuevos desarrollos realizados por empresas mas pequenas que quieren desempenar un papel en la Smart Grid. Afortunadamente, muchos de estos retos pueden resolverse mediante la implementacion de una capa de software ubicada entre las aplicaciones que se pueden incluir para el beneficio de los usuarios finales y el hardware y la infraestructura de red instalada para el intercambio de datos binarios y de paquetes. Esta capa de software, comunmente referida como middleware, tiene como objetivo principal abstraer la heterogeneidad y complejidad de los componentes de hardware distribuidos subyacentes, de manera que ofrecera a la capa alta y mas basada en aplicaciones una coleccion de facilidades de aspecto homogeneo y centralizado, comunmente conformada como una Interfaz de Programacion de Aplicaciones a la que pueden acceder los desarrolladores de aplicaciones. El middleware es una herramienta de software muy util para sistemas distribuidos y ciberfisicos porque permite la integracion de casi cualquier tipo de dispositivo, ya sea anadiendo componentes de software en el propio dispositivo o en otra parte del sistema, la cual debe ser lo suficientemente abierta para tener los componentes instalados, o bien debe tener las capacidades de computacion necesarias para tener esos componentes instalados. La principal contribucion original al conocimiento de esta tesis doctoral es ofrecer una propuesta para un modelo de arquitectura de middleware semantico para la Red Electrica Inteligente, basado en componentes software para soluciones distribuidas. Este modelo esta destinado a ser utilizado en cualquier tipo de despliegue relacionado con la Red Electrica Inteligente, asi como a proporcionar un conjunto comun de componentes e interfaces a ser tenidos en cuenta en futuras implementaciones. Esta arquitectura se ha denominado Common Middleware Architecture (CMA), ya que tiene como objetivo proporcionar los componentes de software necesarios para el desarrollo de middleware en cualquier caso de uso imaginable dentro de este dominio de aplicacion. Se ha disenado contando con la experiencia acumulada en varios proyectos de investigacion en los que la implementacion de una capa de middleware fue uno de los principales logros. La CMA ha sido disenada teniendo en cuenta las principales necesidades de una solucion middleware, como abstraccion de hardware, conocimiento del contexto, registro de dispositivos, interfaces para el nivel superior, securizacion e integracion de dispositivos. Aunque el dominio principal de la CMA es la Red Electrica Inteligente, y se han utilizado demostradores basados en la Red Electrica Inteligente para validarla, la CMA tambien puede adaptarse a otros entornos. En general, el objetivo general de esta tesis es crear un marco fiable para el desarrollo de soluciones de middleware para la Red Electrica Inteligente que pueda ser utilizado en otros dominios de aplicaciones donde existen requisitos de abstraccion de hardware y disponibilidad de servicio similares a los que se pueden encontrar en esta area del conocimiento. Otro objetivo principal de esta tesis es contribuir a la estandarizacion del desarrollo de middleware para la Red Electrica Inteligente, de modo que habra un conjunto especifico de servicios desarrollados para poder cumplir con las funcionalidades mas importantes del middleware (abstraccion del hardware, conjunto homogeneo de servicios para aplicaciones, encapsulacion de servicios basados en capacidades semanticas y seguridad). Estos dos objetivos se han logrado con las aportaciones realizadas en el estudio del estado del arte, la inferencia de cuestiones y temas abiertos, el establecimiento de una lista de requisitos funcionales y no funcionales y la validacion de la propuesta presentada en este manuscrito. Las soluciones desarrolladas pueden ser consideradas como los antecedentes de la arquitectura aqui descrita, por lo que su rendimiento debe ser lo suficientemente bueno para las funcionalidades realizadas para este tipo de capa de software, la cual deberia estar presente en cualquier sistema ciberfisico o distribuido que use un grupo de equipos de diferentes capacidades que haya sido desplegado. Ademas, puesto que se trata de una solucion de middleware que resuelve problemas para cuestiones presentes en otros sistemas distribuidos y / o ciberfisicos (Internet de las Cosas, robotica subacuatica), puede ser portado a otros dominios con facilidad, ya que servicios como interfaces de acceso a alto nivel o registro de dispositivos tambien se utilizan en esas situaciones.

Contribution to the design, implementation and standardization of semantic middleware architectures for the Smart Grid

/pdf/deadline-and-cost-aware-dynamic-task-scheduling-in-cloud-2coeoqms.pdf

Deadline and Cost Aware Dynamic Task Scheduling in Cloud Computing Based on Stackelberg Game

One of the most important discussions in the cloud computing field is user satisfaction with the associated services. It is important to maintain trusted relationships between clients and providers, for customers who pay subscriptions to receive these services in a timely and accurate manner. Despite the overwhelming advantages of cloud services, clients sometimes have problems in service outage and resource failure. This is due to the failures that can happen in cloud servers, which cause outages to the received services. For example, the failure of Microsoft Office 365 on 18th of January 2016, caused email disruption which lasted for many days. New measures are needed to ensure that the contract signed between the two parties, known as a Service Level Agreement (SLA) has been adhered to. Measuring the quality of cloud computing provision from the client’s point of view is, therefore, essential in order to ensure that the service conforms to the level specified in the agreement; this is usually referred to as Quality of Experience. In recent years, there has been an increase shift in using Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) to Representational State Transfer (REST) technology as an alternative technology in cloud applications APIs development. However, there is a penchant in most of cloud monitoring solutions to use SOAP protocol in managing the monitoring process. This trend has drawn the attention to the need for using REST technology in transferring the monitored data between the provider side and the client side. This thesis addresses the problem of monitoring the quality of Software as a Service from the users’ perspective, and the need for developing a lightweight middleware for delivering the monitored data in Software as a Service cloud computing. The aim of this research is to propose a user centric approach for monitoring Software as a Service in cloud computing, and to reduce the overhead caused by the monitoring process. In order to achieve this aim, a user centric middleware capable of monitoring the Quality of Experience has been developed. The developed middleware is a Service Oriented middleware which uses RESTful web services and provides the monitoring process as an add-on service. A new approach was developed for embedding the SLA parameters in REST services through extending the HTTP messages and exploiting the HEAD and OPTIONS methods to transmit the monitored data and to send notifications about anySLA violations. This reduces the need to exchange extra monitoring messages between the two parties, and hence reduces the communication overhead. Furthermore, the estimation of the user satisfaction was implemented by developing a decision making approach to estimate the Quality of Experience value and to predict the effect of the SLA parameters and the Quality of Service (QoS) on the user satisfaction. Fuzzy logic techniques were employed in the decision making process.
The developed middleware is called MonSLAR, for Monitoring SLA for Restful services in SaaS cloud computing environments. The middleware was implemented using the Java programming language, and tested successfully in a cloud environment to prove the proposed solution’s capability of transmitting the data using the REST methods, in addition to providing automated and real time feedback. MonSLAR uses a distributed monitoring architecture, which allows SLA parameters to be embedded in the requests and responses of the REST protocol. The proposed middleware was evaluated by measuring the overhead caused by using REST technology in terms of response time and message size and compared to existing techniques. The results revealed that the message size overhead of using REST is approximately five times less than the message size overhead caused by SOAP. Furthermore, the response time overhead of the monitoring process is comparable to the overhead caused by the available monitoring frameworks. To sum up, the proposed middleware will help to strengthen the relationship between the client and the provider by using real time notifications to the client about any degradation in the cloud services, using a lightweight middleware.

Developing a user-centric distributed middleware for SLA monitoring in SaaS cloud computing using RESTful services

The new Internet of Things (IoT) has increased the need for computing, connectivity, and storage capacities as the amount of sensitive data grows. Since it provides on-demand access to a common pool of resources such as processors, storage, software, and services, cloud computing can seem to be a convenient solution. However, there is a cost, as excessive communications burden not only the core network, but also the cloud data centre. As a result, it’s critical to consider appropriate approaches and security middleware solutions. In this chapter, we define a middleware architecture to address security concerns and explore the general concept of cloud to achieve a higher level of security. Since it is designed to pre-process data at the network’s edge, this security middleware functions as a smart gateway. Data can be processed and stored locally on fog or sent to the cloud for further processing, depending on the information obtained. Furthermore, the devices communicate via middleware, which gives them access to more computing power and improved security capabilities, allowing them to conduct safe communications. We discuss these concepts in detail, and explain how this is effective to cope with some of the most relevant security challenges.

/pdf/cloud-security-in-middleware-architecture-3t8r5q0qbd.pdf

Cloud Security in Middleware Architecture

Today, the cloud computing has been an important platform for various resources and sharing. But at present, many cloud computing platforms have not used the service-oriented system architecture, which could bring about more flexibility, higher extendibility and reusability. The cloud computing has always been an important computing platform for sharing various resources including infrastructures, software, operation procedures and application programs. The cloud computing middleware is just the key to the service-oriented step in the computing. If PaaS is the core of the cloud computing system, then the middleware is the core of PaaS. The cloud computing platform is closely related to the middleware technology. Therefore, the middleware is the backbone of the cloud computing platform.

On Cloud Computing Middleware Architecture

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On Cloud Computing Middleware Architecture