Near-fault ground motions with long-period pulses have been identified as critical in the design of structures To aid in the representation of this special type of motion, eight simple pulses that characterize the effects of either the fling-step or forward-directivity are considered Relationships between pulse amplitudes and velocity pulse period for different pulses are discussed Representative ratios and peak acceleration amplification can exhibit distinctive features depending on variations in pulse duration, amplitude and the selected acceleration pulse shape Additionally, response spectral characteristics for the equivalent pulses are identified and compared in terms of fixed PGA and PGV, respectively Response spectra are strongly affected by the duration of pulses and the shape of the basic pulses Finally, dynamic time history response features of a damped SDOF system subjected to pulse excitations are examined These special aspects of pulse waveforms and their response spectra should be taken into account in the estimation of ground motions for a project site close to a fault

Representation of near-fault pulse-type ground motions

Based on typical near-fault ground motions, relations between motion pulse amplitudes and periods are utilized to scale the difference of near-fault motions between rock and soil sites. Features of ground motion pseudo-velocity response spectra (PVS), normalized pseudo-velocity spectra (NPVS) and bi-normalized pseudo-velocity spectra (BNPVS) are examined by considering the influence of site conditions. Observations show that, the use of parameters PGV and Tp for the normalization of PVS is applicable. They can effectively reduce the scatter in the response spectra of long period range; ground motion pulse waveforms are affected by local site conditions, BNPVS values of soil sites are larger than those of rock sites at normalized period T/Tv less than about 0.7, while at relative periods larger than 0.7 the reverse is true; spectral peak value of BNPVS at rock sites is significantly higher than that of soil sites. Then, using simple pulses and available predictive relationships for near-fault motions, acceleration response spectra of the near-fault region are developed. The BNPVS are finally used to test the applicability of the established design spectra.

http://www.jsee.ir/article_240648_ab7a48ada8b298c18c49fda5f2853019.pdf

Seismic Design Parameters Derived from Typical Near-Fault Strong Motions

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Seismic Design Parameters Derived from Typical Near-Fault Strong Motions