Selective Laser Melting (SLM) is a particular rapid prototyping, 3D printing, or Additive Manufacturing (AM) technique designed to use high power-density laser to melt and fuse metallic powders. A component is built by selectively melting and fusing powders within and between layers. The SLM technique is also commonly known as direct selective laser sintering, LaserCusing, and direct metal laser sintering, and this technique has been proven to produce near net-shape parts up to 99.9% relative density. This enables the process to build near full density functional parts and has viable economic benefits. Recent developments of fibre optics and high-power laser have also enabled SLM to process different metallic materials, such as copper, aluminium, and tungsten. Similarly, this has also opened up research opportunities in SLM of ceramic and composite materials. The review presents the SLM process and some of the common physical phenomena associated with this AM technology. It then focuses on the following a...

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Review of selective laser melting : materials and applications

Consolidation phenomena in laser and powder-bed based layered manufacturing

Composites by rapid prototyping technology

Cermets are a category of materials including ceramic and metallic phases, which possess the combined properties of both phases. Over the last few decades, numerous conventional processes such as powder metallurgy techinques and casting have been proposed for the fabrication of cermet components. In recent years, additive manufacturing (AM) has emerged as a promising method that can eliminate most of the limitations of conventional production methods. Among AM processes, selective laser sintering/melting (SLS/SLM), laser engineering net shaping (LENS), direct laser fabrication (DLF), binder jet 3D printing, and 3D gel/direct-ink-write/robocasting printing have been investigated for manufacturing bulk cermet parts. This study presents a summary of research that has been conducted to produce bulk cermets by additive manufacturing.

A review of additive manufacturing of cermets

https://laseroflove.files.wordpress.com/2009/10/dmls_article6.pdf

Processing conditions and microstructural features of porous 316L stainless steel components by DMLS

This paper presents a detailed investigation into the influence of the rare earth (RE) oxide (La2O3) addition upon the densification and the resultant microstructural characteristics of the submicron WC–Co particulate reinforced Cu matrix composites prepared by direct laser sintering. It is found that the relative density of the laser sintered sample with 1 wt.% La2O3 addition increased by 11.5% as compared with the sample without RE addition. The addition of RE element favored the microstructural refinement and improved the particulate dispersion homogeneity and the particulate/matrix interfacial coherence. The metallurgical functions of the RE element in improving the sinterability were also addressed. It shows that due to the unique properties of RE element such as high surface activity and large atomic radius, the addition of trace RE element can decrease the surface tension of the melt, resist the grain growth coarsening and increase the heterogeneous nucleation rate during laser sintering.

Effect of rare earth oxide addition on microstructures of ultra-fine WC-Co particulate reinforced Cu matrix composites prepared by direct laser sintering

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Effect of rare earth oxide addition on microstructures of ultra-fine WC-Co particulate reinforced Cu matrix composites prepared by direct laser sintering