Soils contain a tangle of minerals, water, nutrients, gases, plant roots, decaying organic matter, and microorganisms which work together to cycle nutrients and support terrestrial plant growth. Most soil microorganisms live in periodically interconnected communities closely associated with soil aggregates, i.e., small (

https://aem.asm.org/content/aem/early/2019/05/08/AEM.00324-19.full.pdf

Soil Aggregate Microbial Communities: Towards Understanding Microbiome Interactions at Biologically Relevant Scales

Microbial communities inhabiting soil aggregates dynamically adjust their activity and composition in response to variations in hydration and other external conditions. These rapid dynamics shape signatures of biogeochemical activity and gas fluxes emitted from soil profiles. Recent mechanistic models of microbial processes in unsaturated aggregate-like pore networks revealed a highly dynamic interplay between oxic and anoxic microsites jointly shaped by hydration conditions and by aerobic and anaerobic microbial community abundance and self-organization. The spatial extent of anoxic niches (hotspots) flicker in time (hot moments) and support substantial anaerobic microbial activity even in aerated soil profiles. We employed an individual-based model for microbial community life in soil aggregate assemblies represented by 3D angular pore networks. Model aggregates of different sizes were subjected to variable water, carbon and oxygen contents that varied with soil depth as boundary conditions. The study integrates microbial activity within aggregates of different sizes and soil depth to obtain estimates of biogeochemical fluxes from the soil profile. The results quantify impacts of dynamic shifts in microbial community composition on CO2 and N2 O production rates in soil profiles in good agreement with experimental data. Aggregate size distribution and the shape of resource profiles in a soil determine how hydration dynamics shape denitrification and carbon utilization rates. Results from the mechanistic model for microbial activity in aggregates of different sizes were used to derive parameters for analytical representation of soil biogeochemical processes across large scales of practical interest for hydrological and climate models.

Microbial community dynamics in soil aggregates shape biogeochemical gas fluxes from soil profiles – upscaling an aggregate biophysical model

Accumulation of organic carbon in various soil aggregate sizes under different land use systems in a semi-arid environment

Whole-plant responses to salinity and their amelioration by externally supplied calcium: A case study for pea and barley

Portable wind tunnel experiments to study soil erosion by wind and its link to soil properties in the Fars province, Iran

Soil structure is an important physical property of soil and has a great impact on the environment and agriculture. Dry aggregate size distribution and related soil structure indices are essential parameters in understanding the structural state of the soil. This study was conducted to determine the effects of different soil types and land uses on structure parameters and to relate them to selected soil properties. The investigation was performed on five soil types (Arenosols, Fluvisols, Chernozems, Gleysols and Solonetz), each from three different locations and under three different land uses (cropland, meadow and forest), so that a total of 135 undisturbed soil samples were collected. Dry sieving analysis was performed to obtain eight aggregate size classes (ASCs) (>10, 10-5, 5-3, 3-2, 2-1, 1-0.5, 0.5-0.25 and 10, 5-3 and 3-2 mm ASCs. Chernozems and Gleysols have more favorable structure than Arenosols, Fluvisols and Solonetz. Long term cultivation leads to the deterioration of soil structure and the formation of clods. Forest soils have a significantly better structure than soils under meadows and croplands. The application of principal component analysis and regression models identifies water retention at -33 kPa, bulk density and pH value as for the most important factors in predicting dMWD and dGMD.

/pdf/soil-dry-aggregate-size-distribution-effects-of-soil-type-2gfj13zy71.pdf

Soil dry aggregate size distribution: effects of soil type and land use.

In the process of a thermal power plant operation (Gacko, East Herzegovina) there is a huge amount of ashes which is mostly deposited near it. In the process of coal exploitation and thermal power operation, a soil damage occurs by means of surface mines, material disposal as well as by sedimentation of aeroprecipitates created at the operation of the thermal power plant. This paper presents the results of detailed field and laboratory research of morphological, physical and chemical properties, 2 deposol profile and 4 profile natural autochthonous soil near to the dump with the aim to characterize the soil damage. In relation to the autochthonous soil, deposols are characterized by a greater depth of solum, heavier mechanical composition, increased alkalinity and carbonate status and lower contents of humus and overall nitrogen. The total contents of Cd, Pb, Cu on an autochthonous soil and deposols is below the MAC. The value of contents of total Zn in deposols is below the MAC, while in the natural autochthonous soil is above the MAC (339.03 ppm) and it indicates a contamination which can be of geochemical origin.

The impact of the thermal power plant in Gacko on land degradation.

The content of heavy metals in the Boulevard soil in Novi Sad, Serbia.

In urban areas, the soil is exposed to dynamic changes that may lead to its degradation. Urban soil is mostly anthropogenic and polluted due to the proximity of busy roads, industrial facilities and fossil fuel combustion. Urban soil is formed by direct human activity and as such has very different properties, which are generally less favorable than properties of natural soil. Although this type of soil is not used for agriculture its importance is great because in an urban environment it is a medium in which different types of plants are grown which leads to better environment of the city. The group of the most vulnerable soil includes the soil of city roads which is almost continuously changed by human activities such as various works on infrastructure networks, as well as the roads and paths. This paper presents the results of water-physical soil properties along Car Lazar Boulevard in Novi Sad, as one of the busiest roads. Along the boulevard alley, several types of lime are present which have different requirements of the soil. The analysis shows that the soil texture ranges from clay loam to coarse sandy loam and the coefficient of filtration of the samples is in the range from 1.35x10 to 7.43x10 cm/sec in the layer of 0-30 cm, respectively from 1.42x10 to 6.99x10 3 cm/sec in layer 30-60 cm. The total porosity ranges from 39.41% to 49.65% in the shallow, and from 41.97% to 47.56% in the deeper layer of the soil. The results suggest disparities of soil characteristics at the sites, making them difficult to use.

Water and physical properties of urbisols.

/pdf/impact-of-organic-production-on-parameters-of-soil-4vc70dkseu.pdf

Impact of organic production on parameters of soil compaction

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