Versatile mechanisms and enhanced strategies of pollutants removal mediated by Shewanella oneidensis: A review.

Photochemically generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) play numerous key roles in earth's surface biogeochemical processes and pollutant dynamics. ROS production has historically been linked to the photosensitization of natural organic matter. Here, we report the photochemical ROS production from three naturally abundant iron minerals. All investigated iron minerals are photoactive toward sunlight irradiation, with photogenerated currents linearly correlated with incident light intensity. Hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) are identified as the major ROS species, with apparent quantum yields ranging from 1.4 × 10-8 to 3.9 × 10-8 and 5.8 × 10-8 to 2.5 × 10-6, respectively. Photochemical ROS production exhibits high wavelength dependence, for instance, the •OH quantum yield decreases with the increase of light wavelength from 375 to 425 nm, and above 425 nm it sharply decreases to zero. The temperature shows a positive impact on •OH production, with apparent activation energies ranging from 8.0 to 17.8 kJ/mol. Interestingly, natural iron minerals with impurities exhibit higher ROS production than their pure crystal counterparts. Compared with organic photosensitizers, iron minerals exhibit higher wavelength dependence, higher selectivity, lower efficiency, and long-term stability in photochemical ROS production. Our study highlights natural inorganic iron mineral photochemistry as a ubiquitous yet previously overlooked source of ROS.

Sunlight-Driven Production of Reactive Oxygen Species from Natural Iron Minerals: Quantum Yield and Wavelength Dependence.

Denitrification is an essential step of the nitrogen cycle in soil. However, although sunlight is an important environmental factor for soil, the investigation of the influence of sunlight on soil denitrification is limited to plant photosynthesis-mediated processes. Herein, a new pathway, denoted as a biophotoelectrochemical process, which is induced by the direct photoexcitation of soil, was found to greatly enhance soil denitrification. Using red soil as the research object, the soil with irradiation showed nitrate reduction that was 2.6–4.7 times faster than that without irradiation. The irradiation of soil accelerated the reduction of nitrite and enhanced the conversion of nitrous oxide to nitrogen, indicating that more electron sources were generated. This resulted from the photoinduced generation of ferrous substrates and photoelectrons. The contribution of irradiation to soil denitrification was almost half (45.4%), of which 30.9% was from photoinduced ferrous substrates and 14.5% was from photoelectrons. Moreover, a designed biophotoelectrochemical cell provided solid evidence for direct photoelectron transfer from soil photosensitive substrates to microorganisms. Irradiation promoted the enrichment of Alicyclobacillus, which participates in iron oxidation and electroautotrophy. This finding reveals a role of sunlight in soil denitrification that has been thus seriously overlooked and provides solid evidence for the natural occurrence of photoelectrotrophic effects. 

Sunlight Significantly Enhances Soil Denitrification via an Interfacial Biophotoelectrochemical Pathway

Sunlight-hematite triggered denitrification by Pseudomonas aeruginosa: A little-known form of nitrogen-cycling enhancement

Size-dependent visible-light-enhanced Cr(VI) bioreduction by hematite nanoparticles.

Sunlight-triggered synergy of hematite and Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 in Cr(VI) removal

The invention discloses a method for synergistically reducing hexavalent chromium by means of microorganisms and hematite. The method comprises the steps that the hematite and iron-reducing bacteria capable of performing extracellular electron transfer are added in waste water containing hexavalent chromium, and under the illumination condition, the hematite and the iron-reducing bacteria synergistically reduce hexavalent chromium. Accordingly, by means of the hematite minerals widely existing in the natural environment and the extracellular respiratory iron-reducing bacteria, light energy andchemical energy are synergistically utilized for efficiently treating chromium pollution, the problems that an existing method is low in treatment efficiency, complex in photocatalytic material synthesis, poor in environmental compatibility, intolerant to microorganism, high in treatment cost and the like, and meanwhile the secondary pollution problem in the management process is avoided.

Method for synergistically reducing hexavalent chromium by means of microorganisms and hematite

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Sunlight-triggered synergy of hematite and Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 in Cr(VI) removal

Method for synergistically reducing hexavalent chromium by means of microorganisms and hematite