Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) can be defined as a self-configured and infrastructureless wireless networks to monitor physical or environmental conditions, such as temperature, sound, vibration, pressure, motion or pollutants and to cooperatively pass their data through the network to a main location or sink where the data can be observed and analysed. A sink or base station acts like an interface between users and the network. One can retrieve required information from the network by injecting queries and gathering results from the sink. Typically a wireless sensor network contains hundreds of thousands of sensor nodes. The sensor nodes can communicate among themselves using radio signals. A wireless sensor node is equipped with sensing and computing devices, radio transceivers and power components. The individual nodes in a wireless sensor network (WSN) are inherently resource constrained: they have limited processing speed, storage capacity, and communication bandwidth. After the sensor nodes are deployed, they are responsible for self-organizing an appropriate network infrastructure often with multi-hop communication with them. Then the onboard sensors start collecting information of interest. Wireless sensor devices also respond to queries sent from a “control site” to perform specific instructions or provide sensing samples. The working mode of the sensor nodes may be either continuous or event driven. Global Positioning System (GPS) and local positioning algorithms can be used to obtain location and positioning information. Wireless sensor devices can be equipped with actuators to “act” upon certain conditions. These networks are sometimes more specifically referred as Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks as described in (Akkaya et al., 2005).

/pdf/overview-of-wireless-sensor-network-15ybjfh9dr.pdf

Overview of Wireless Sensor Network

A novel compact ultra-wideband (UWB) wide slot antenna with via holes is presented for UWB applications. The antenna is composed of a trapezoidal slot on the ground plane, a rectangular patch in the center of the slot and three via holes connecting the rectangular patch and the microstrip feed-line. The antenna is successfully designed, implemented, and measured. The measured results show that the proposed antenna with compact size of 27:0mm£29:0mm£1:0mm achieves good performance, such as an impedance matching bandwidth of 111.7% (jS11j • i10dB), constant gain and stable radiation patterns over its whole frequency range.

/pdf/a-novel-compact-ultra-wideband-uwb-wide-slot-antenna-with-3tizk4zyrn.pdf

A Novel Compact Ultra-Wideband (UWB) Wide Slot Antenna with via Holes

The design and analysis of a novel printed wide-slot antenna, fed by a microstrip line, for wideband communication systems is presented. Detailed simulation and experimental investigations are conducted to understand its behavior and optimize for broadband operation. The designed antenna has a wide operating bandwidth of over 120% (2.8-11.4 GHz) for S11 <-10 dB. In addition to being small in size, the antenna exhibits stable far-field radiation characteristics in the entire operating bandwidth, relatively high gain, and low cross polarization. By properly choosing the suitable slot shape, selecting similar feed shape and tuning their dimensions, the design with very wide operating bandwidth, relatively small size and improved radiation pattern is obtained. A comprehensive parametric study has been carried out to understand the effects of various dimensional parameters and to optimize the performance of the designed antenna. Results show that the impedance matching of this kind of antenna is greatly affected by the feed-slot combination and feed gap width, with the slot shape being a main contributor of the radiation characteristics. The simulated and measured Results for return loss, far-field E and H-plane radiation patterns, and gain of designed antenna are presented and discussed.

Printed Wide-Slot Antenna for Wideband Applications

A low profile printed antenna with triple band operation is presented for simultaneous use in wireless local area network (WLAN) and worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) applications. The antenna consists of a rectangular radiating element fed asymmetrically by a 50 Ω microstrip line and a shaped trapezoidal ground plane. Rectangular horizontal strips are attached to the radiation element to form different current paths which make the antenna resonate in WLAN and WiMAX frequency bands. The antenna operates in dipole configuration outlining overall dimensions of 38×30×0.8 mm3.

Compact triple band antenna for WLAN/ WiMAX applications

Two printed wide-slot antennas with square patches within an arc-shape slot are proposed in this letter. They are fed by a coplanar waveguide (CPW) and a microstrip line with almost the same performances. Their impedance bandwidths for $ S_11leq -10~ dB$ are enhanced largely to more than 158%. The radiation patterns are given at 2, 6, and 10 GHz.

Bandwidth Enhancement of Wide-Slot Antenna Fed by CPW and Microstrip Line

An experimental investigation was conducted on printed wide-slot antennas fed by microstrip lines for wideband applications. Results show that the impedance matching of this kind of antenna is greatly affected by the feed-slot combination and feed gap width, with the slot shape being a main contributor of the radiation characteristics. By properly choosing suitable slot shapes, selecting similar feed shapes and tuning their dimensions, two designs with significantly enhanced impedance bandwidths and improved radiation patterns are obtained.

Experimental studies of printed wide-slot antenna for wide-band applications

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Experimental studies of printed wide-slot antenna for wide-band applications