Developing innovative technologies for the efficient treatment of wastewater containing toxic organic pollutants is of particular importance worldwide. Removal of organic contaminants from aqueous media through chemical reduction using noble metal-based nanocatalysts, and in the presence of NaBH4, as a reducing agent, has become an established approach in the last few years. Herein, we describe a simple method for the synthesis of a magnetic conducting polymer modified with mercaptoacetic acid (MAA) and silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) as a promising catalyst for the reduction of organic pollutants. Ag NPs were deposited on the magnetic conducting polymer by the reduction of a silver salt precursor (AgNO3) without the need for a reducing agent or stabilizer. The developed Fe3O4@PPy-MAA/Ag nanocomposite was characterised using FE-SEM, TEM, XRD, XPS, BET and ATR-FTIR. The catalytic performance of the nanocatalyst during the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) and organic dyes, namely, methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) was assessed in aqueous medium at 25 °C. The catalyst exhibited excellent catalytic activity for the reduction of all three targeted organic pollutants (4-NP, MO and MB). The pseudo-first-order rate constants were estimated as 0.5–14.3 × 10−2 min-1, 0.52–24.2 × 10−2 s−1 and 10.1–46.8 × 10−3 s−1 for the reduction of 4-NP, MO and MB, respectively. The magnetic catalyst was separated easily from the reaction medium and recycled without significant loss of catalytic activity up to eight successive cycles. In addition to its green synthesis and reusability, findings from this study show that Fe3O4@PPy-MAA/Ag nanocomposite has the potential efficiency and stability to make it an ideal catalyst in environmental applications via chemical reduction of toxic contaminants from wastewater.

Silver decorated magnetic nanocomposite (Fe3O4@PPy-MAA/Ag) as highly active catalyst towards reduction of 4-nitrophenol and toxic organic dyes

Construction of multifunctional nanocomposites as theranostic platforms has received considerable biomedical attention. In this study, a triple-functional theranostic agent based on the cointegration of gold nanorods (Au NRs) and superparamagnetic iron oxide (Fe3O4) into polypyrrole was developed. Such a theranostic agent (referred to as Au/PPY@Fe3O4) not only exhibits strong magnetic property and high near-infrared (NIR) optical absorbance but also produces high contrast for magnetic resonance (MR) and X-ray computed tomography (CT) imaging. Importantly, under the irradiation of the NIR 808 nm laser at the power density of 2 W/cm2 for 10 min, the temperature of the solution containing Au/PPY@Fe3O4 (1.4 mg/mL) increased by about 35 °C. Cell viability assay showed that these nanocomposites had low cytotoxicity. Furthermore, an in vitro photothermal treatment test demonstrates that the cancer cells can be efficiently killed by the photothermal effects of the Au/PPY@Fe3O4 nanocomposites. In summary, this stu...

Au/Polypyrrole@Fe3O4 Nanocomposites for MR/CT Dual-Modal Imaging Guided-Photothermal Therapy: An in Vitro Study

Three polypyrrole (PPy) samples were synthesized via in situ chemical oxidative polymerization to study their applications as an alternate cathode catalyst support material for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). The electrochemical stabilities of the PPy samples and commercial carbon supports (Vulcan XC-72) were examined by cyclic voltammetry (CV). In contrast to the carbon supports, only a small anodic current was observed for the PPy samples up to 1.8 V, indicating their resistance towards oxidation under high positive potentials. Among the PPy samples synthesized in this investigation, PPy-3 showed the highest electrical conductivity (1.67 S cm−1) and BET surface area of 69.6 m2 g−1, and therefore was selected as a catalyst support for further studies. The wet reduction method was chosen to prepare supported platinum catalyst (50 wt% Pt/PPy) by using sodium formate as reducing reagent. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image showed finely dispersed platinum crystallites with a diameter of dPt = 3.6 nm on the polypyrrole support. The potential cycling experiment revealed that Pt/PPy is electrochemically more stable than the Pt/C electrocatalyst. The oxygen reduction activity obtained from Tafel plots indicated twofold higher activity for Pt/PPy catalyst than that of Pt black catalyst at 0.9 V. Comparison of ORR activity and fuel cell polarization curves demonstrated good oxygen reduction reaction kinetics and comparable fuel cell performance with that of commercial E-TEK Pt/C catalyst for the Pt/PPy catalyst.

Development of conducting polypyrrole as corrosion-resistant catalyst support for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) application

Polyaniline films prepared on titanium were employed as substrate for the electrodeposition of gold. The modified electrode was used as anode for the electro-oxidation of ascorbic acid. The electrochemical behavior and electro-catalytic activity of Au/PAni/Ti electrode were characterized by cyclic voltammetry. The morphology of the polyaniline film and gold coating on PAni/Ti electrode were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) techniques, respectively. Results indicated that gold nanoparticles were homogeneously dispersed on the surface of polyaniline film. The electro-oxidation of ascorbic acid is found to proceed more facile on Au/PAni/Ti electrode than on bare gold electrode. The irreversible oxidation current of ascorbic acid exhibits a linear dependence on the ascorbic acid concentration in the range of 1–5 mM.

Electrochemical fabrication of polyaniline films containing gold nanoparticles deposited on titanium electrode for electro-oxidation of ascorbic acid

Role of Pt-pyridinic nitrogen sites in methanol oxidation on Pt/polypyrrole-carbon black Catalyst

An easy and simple method of one-step reaction was employed to synthesize the platinum-adsorbed polypyrrole nanocomposite (Pt-PPy). The prepared nanocomposite materials were characterized using UV–vis absorption spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and cyclic voltammetry. Polypyrrole within nanocomposite could crosslink to improve its stability on the Au substrates. O2 reduction was performed at Au electrodes modified Pt-PPy in O2-saturated 0.5 M H2SO4 solution. The results clearly show that modification of Pt-PPy nanocomposite results in the enhancement of the electrocatalytic reduction of oxygen. The nanocomposite may provide a novel electrode material for application in fuel cells and oxygen sensors.

Preparation and characterization of Pt-polypyrrole nanocomposite for electrochemical reduction of oxygen

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Preparation and characterization of Pt-polypyrrole nanocomposite for electrochemical reduction of oxygen