Polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) systems based on polysulfone as carrying matrix and 4-cyano-4ʹ-pentylbiphenyl (5CB) liquid crystal (LC) were obtained as thin transparent films The PDLC films were prepared by solvent- and thermally induced phase separation methods, with various compositions in the two components Information on the phase separation was obtained by polarised light optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscopy The PDLC composites show well-defined droplets of submicrometric size, around 650 nm for a medium content of LC and around 250 nm for a low one The droplets show a radial configuration and a homeotropic alignment of the LC molecules within By contact angle measurement and surface free energy calculations, it was established that self-assembling of aliphatic units of the two composite components, at droplet interface, is the driving force of the homeotropic alignment Moreover, these data indicated the potential biocompatibility of th

Polymer-dispersed liquid crystal composites for bio-applications: thermotropic, surface and optical properties

For efficient and high-performance liquid crystal (LC) devices, the physical properties of the LC materials can be suitably altered by incorporating nanomaterials like carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene and quantum dots. In the present work, the effect of incorporation of octadecylamine-functionalised single-walled carbon nanotubes (ODA-SWCNT) in a LC exhibiting nematic and smectic phases on its physical properties is investigated. The electro-optic threshold voltage in the nematic phase of ODA-SWCNT nanocomposite of LC is enhanced as compared to that of pure LC. The dielectric anisotropy as a function of reduced temperature decreases with an increase in the concentration of ODA-SWCNT. The ratio of bend to splay elastic constants of ODA-SWCNT nanocomposite of LC is enhanced considerably as compared to that of pure LC at low temperature. The electro-optic response rise time decreased and decay time increased at higher concentrations of ODA-SWCNT. The temperature range of smectic phase is increased with an i...

Effect of octadecylamine-functionalised SWCNTs on the elastic constants and electro-optic response of a liquid crystal

During the last three decades intense studies have been carried out to understand the behavior of liquid crystals dispersed in various media. One of the most common outcomes is the polymer dispersed liquid crystals (PDLCs), in which liquid crystal droplets are dispersed in an appropriate polymer matrix. The investigation of PDLCs is of immense significance because of their strong potential for scientific and technological applications and basic understanding. The current article presents a comprehensive overview till date of the some important developments in this field. We begin with a brief discussion on the current scenario of dispersion studies in liquid crystals which is followed by the description of preparation, morphology, characterization and some important properties of PDLCs. Recent advancements such as PDLCs with conducting polymers, holographic PDLCs and influence of foreign elements on the properties of PDLCs are also covered. The remaining parts are concerned with the time dependent phenomenon and theoretical developments. A survey of some of their applications is also given. The article ends with a brief comment on future perspective and challenges.

Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystals

The precursors of the present thermotropic hydrogen bonded binary mixtures investigated are prepared from Palmitic acid (PA) and p,n- alkyloxy benzoic acids. PA + 8BAO complex is chosen as ...

Studies on thermotropic hydrogen bonded binary mixtures

Double hydrogen-bonded liquid crystals formed between methyl malonic acid (MM) and p-n-alkyloxy benzoic acids (nBAO) are characterized. Variation in the molar proportion of MM + nBAO (n = 8, 11 and 12) exhibiting good phase polymorphism yields two different sets of binary mixtures labeled as X and Y (where X = MM + 8BAO and Y = MM + 11BAO, MM + 12BAO) which yields 18 hydrogen-bonded binary mixtures as a result. The molar proportions of X and Y are varied in steps of 0.1–0.9 to obtain 18 binary mixtures. Chemical, optical and thermal analysis are carried out for all the 18 binary mixtures formed. Hydrogen bond existence and the chemical environment of the precursor are confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies, respectively. Phase variance and the corresponding transition temperatures of the binary mixtures are studied by the observation of textures through polarizing optical microscope (POM), and the same is verified by recording the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Phase diagram of the two binary mixtures is built from the POM and DSC data. Thermal equilibrium, odd–even effect, thermal stability factor, order of phase transition, stability of phase through enthalpy values and specific heat value possessed by the mixtures are derived from the DSC datum obtained. These investigations are performed for the prepared binary mixtures with a curiosity to understand the optical and calorimetric properties exhibited by them.

Calorimetric investigations of hydrogen-bonded liquid crystal binary mixtures

Glass transition temperature (Tg), an important parameter of polymer, was reported to have great influence on the electro-optical properties of polymer dispersed liquid crystals (PDLCs). In this study, macroinitiators with different Tg were synthesised by reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerisation, and used to prepare PDLCs with different Tg block chains. The effect of different Tg of the block chains on response times was investigated. It was found that rise time decreased and decay time increased with the decrease of the block chain’s Tg. We proposed a possible mechanism by which Tg of the block chains influence response times.

Influence of macroinitiator’s glass transition temperature on the response times of polymer dispersed liquid crystals

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Influence of macroinitiator’s glass transition temperature on the response times of polymer dispersed liquid crystals