This paper presents a silicon based beamformer chip for multi-beam satellite communication phased array. The chip uses SiGe technology to integrate 32 phase-shifting channels, each with a power consumption of less than 29mW. In the range of 10GHz to 13GHz, the measured noise figure is 1.7-2.0dB, the gain is greater than 21 dB, the RMS gain error and phase error are<O.7dB and<3 o, respectively, and the chip size is less than 5.4 × 5.9 mm2, To the author's knowledge, this paper reports the first fully Ku-band 8-element 4-beam integrated phased array receiving beamformer with low noise figure and low power consumption.

A Ku-Band Eight-Element Four-Beam Receive Beamformer Based on $0.13-\mu \mathrm{m}$ Bi-CMOS

To mitigate the risk of interference from the upper sidelobes of antenna arrays on satellite communications and meet the stringent requirements for low sidelobe levels in applications such as radar, radio astronomy, and military communications, this paper proposes a genetic algorithm-optimized design method for an upper sidelobe suppression antenna array. The array employs antenna elements with beam-steering capabilities, enabling beam scanning within a range of $-10^{\circ}$ to 20°. Targeting the $-20^{\circ}$ to $-75^{\circ}$ angular domain, which is particularly susceptible to interference in satellite communications, the excitation amplitudes and phase distributions of the array elements are optimized using a genetic algorithm, significantly suppressing the upper sidelobe levels in this region. Simulation results demonstrate that the designed array exhibits excellent upper sidelobe suppression performance within the target scanning range, achieving an average sidelobe level of −31.33 dB, effectively reducing the risk of interference with satellite communications. Furthermore, the design enhances the overall performance of the antenna array while maintaining main lobe efficiency, meeting the rigorous requirements for antenna radiation patterns in specific application scenarios.

A Genetic Algorithm-Optimized Antenna Array for Upper Sidelobe Suppression

In this article, the authors focus on the progress of that allow the deployment and provision of sophisticated architectures and services that could support a sustainable use of space through a substantial reduction of space junk while assuring effectively the “connecting the unconnected” right of Humanity.

Advanced Technologies for a Sustainable Future of Space

Broadband Low-Cost Microstrip Arrays for Water-Level Radar With Frequency-Stable Beams and Side-Sector Sidelobe Suppression

The article addresses the design and performance evaluation of a Circularly Polarised Annular Ring Slot Antenna (CP ARSA) built for Ka band satellite applications. Distributed capacitances are inserted along the inner slots to induce degenerate modes at the resonant frequency. The antenna has a 20 % and 4.5% wide impedance bandwidth of 5.61 GHz (25.63 - 31.24 GHz) and an axial ratio bandwidth of 1.26 GHz (27.39 - 28.65 GHz). The antenna radiation pattern is RHCP with a gain of 5.36 dBic.

Circularly Polarized Annular Ring Slot Antenna for Ka band Satellite Applications

This paper presents two design approaches of a satellite-borne Q/V-band multi-beam phased array antenna. By analyzing the challenges of antenna design in millimeter-wave (mm-Wave) satellite communication, an eight-beam integrated subarray antenna is proposed by hybrid brick-tile and tile constructions based on the multi-beam beamformer chip using silicon technology. By simulation and comparison, the tile-construction array design is employed for the large-scale antenna design by advantages of low-profile and flexibility of subarray arrangement. At last, a large-scale array design for satellite-borne application is provided.

Highly Integrated Q/V-Band Multi-Beam Phased Array Antenna for LEO Communication Satellite

A K-band four-channel dual-beam beamformer for SATCOM phased array is presented based on the 0.13-µm SiGe Bi-CMOS process and packaged by using the wafer-level chip-scale packaging (WLCSP). By using the active vector modulated phase shifter and switched-type attenuator (STA), the chip only consumes 318.4 mW with 1.6-V supply voltage. From 17.7 to 21.2 GHz, the measured gain and noise figure (NF) of a single channel are 26.3-28.5 dB, and 2.1-2.46 dB, respectively. Meanwhile, the RMS gain error and phase error are <0.34 dB and <2.9°. The chip size is 6.05× 5.65 mm2 with pads included.

A K-Band Eight-Channel Receive Beamformer Based on 0.13-µm Bi-CMOS for SATCOM

This paper presents a K/Ka-band shared-aperture phased array for satellite communication. It is composed of four tile-type subarrays, each of which includes 8×8 transmit (Tx) elements, 4×8 receive (Rx) elements, 8 eight-channel Tx chips, 4 eight-channel Rx chips and beam-forming networks. These components have been integrated as a shared-aperture transceiver phased array system by multi-layer printed-circuit-board (PCB) technology. It has the advantages of low profile, light weight, and a promising solution for low-earth-orbit (LEO) communication terminals.

Shared-aperture K/Ka-band Phased Array For Satellite Communication

This paper proposed the design and implementation of a Ka-band eight-channel transmit beamformer for SATCOM phased array, which employs the 0.13-µm SiGe Bi-CMOS technology and the wafer-level chip-scale packaging (WLCSP) technology. By using the switched-type attenuator and the active vector modulated phase shifter, the beamformer only consumes a quiescent current of 180 mA under 1.6-V supply voltage. The measurements show that from 27 to 31 GHz, a single-channel gain of 19.4~22.7 dB and a minimal OP1dB of 9.3 dBm can be achieved. Meanwhile, the measured RMS gain error is less than 0.48 dB and the measured RMS phase error is below 2.6°. The total size of the chip is 5.2×5.6 mm2 including pads.

A Ka-Band Eight-Channel Transmit Beamformer Based on 0.13-μm Bi-CMOS for SATCOM

This paper has presented an ultrathin hybrid 64-element Ka-band dual polarized Active integrated Transmit Phased-Array antenna, which consist of 8×8 radiating antenna elements, using 8-channel Beamforming chips, including the beamforming control network and the control unit inside. It’s scalable and easily to realize large array, which is specially designed for LEO SatCom ground terminals with the advantage of low profile, light, especially low cost. The array could be switched between LHCP and RHCP, the measured EIRP of the array achieves 36dBm from 27.5GHz to 31GHz.

An Ultrathin Hybrid 64-element Ka-band Dual-Polarized Active Integrated Transmit Phased-Array Antenna

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