The nomenclature of hepatitis E virus (HEV) subtypes is inconsistent and makes comparison of different studies problematic. We have provided a table of proposed complete genome reference sequences for each subtype. The criteria for subtype assignment vary between different genotypes and methodologies, and so a conservative pragmatic approach has been favoured. Updates to this table will be posted on the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses website (http://talk.ictvonline.org/r.ashx?C). The use of common reference sequences will facilitate communication between researchers and help clarify the epidemiology of this important human pathogen. This subtyping procedure might be adopted for other taxa of the genus Orthohepevirus.

Proposed reference sequences for hepatitis E virus subtypes

This paper was completed on June 22, 2007, and approved by the German Advisory Committee Blood (Arbeitskreis Blut) on October 1, 2007. It was compiled by the members of the subgroup ‘Assessment of Pathogens Transmissible by Blood’ of the German Advisory Committee Blood (Arbeitskreis Blut): 
 
Prof. Dr. Georg Pauli 
 
Dr. Johannes Blumel 
 
Prof. Dr. Reinhard Burger 
 
Prof. Dr. Christian Drosten 
 
Dr. Albrecht Groner 
 
Prof. Dr. Lutz Gurtler 
 
Dr. Margarethe Heiden 
 
PD Dr. Martin Hildebrandt 
 
Prof. Dr. Dr. Bernd Jansen 
 
Dr. Horst Klamm 
 
Dr. Thomas Montag-Lessing 
 
Dr. Ruth Offergeld 
 
Prof. Dr. Rainer Seitz 
 
Dr. Uwe Schlenkrich 
 
Dr. Volkmar Schottstedt 
 
Dr. Hannelore Willkommen 
 
Prof. Dr. Carl-Heinz Wirsing von Konig

Hepatitis E Virus

SUMMARY Hepatitis E virus (HEV), identified over 30 years ago, remains a serious threat to life, health, and productivity in developing countries where access to clean water is limited. Recognition that HEV also circulates as a zoonotic and food-borne pathogen in developed countries is more recent. Even without treatment, most cases of HEV-related acute viral hepatitis (with or without jaundice) resolve within 1 to 2 months. However, HEV sometimes leads to acute liver failure, chronic infection, or extrahepatic symptoms. The mechanisms of pathogenesis appear to be substantially immune mediated. This review covers the epidemiology of HEV infection worldwide, the humoral and cellular immune responses to HEV, and the persistence and protection of antibodies produced in response to both natural infection and vaccines. We focus on the contributions of altered immune states (associated with pregnancy, human immunodeficiency virus [HIV], and immunosuppressive agents used in cancer and transplant medicine) to the elevated risks of chronic infection (in immunosuppressed/immunocompromised patients) and acute liver failure and mortality (among pregnant women). We conclude by discussing outstanding questions about the immune response to HEV and interactions with hormones and comorbid conditions. These questions take on heightened importance now that a vaccine is available.

Host Immune Status and Response to Hepatitis E Virus Infection

Hepeviridae: an expanding family of vertebrate viruses.

Introduction:
In general, the hepatitis E virus (HEV) causes acute, self-limiting hepatitis. Prolonged and chronic infections caused by HEV genotype 3 have been found in some immunosuppressed patients in developed countries.

/pdf/persistent-hepatitis-e-virus-genotype-4-infection-in-a-child-155rnkvtiw.pdf

Persistent hepatitis e virus genotype 4 infection in a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Phylogenetic analysis of 626 hepatitis E virus (HEV) isolates from humans and animals in China (1986–2011) showing genotype diversity and zoonotic transmission

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Phylogenetic analysis of 626 hepatitis E virus (HEV) isolates from humans and animals in China (1986–2011) showing genotype diversity and zoonotic transmission