It is essential to impart the thermal stability, high sensitivity, self-healing, and transparent attributes to the emerging wearable and stretchable electronics. Here, a facile solvent replacement strategy is exploited to introduce ethylene glycol/glycerol (Gly) in hydrogels for enhancing their thermal sensitivity and stability synchronously. For the first time, we find that the solvent plays a key role in the thermal sensitivity of hydrogels. By adjusting the water content in hydrogels using a simple dehydration treatment, the thermal sensitivity is raised to 13.1%/°C. Thanks to the ionic transport property and water-Gly binary solvent, the organohydrogel achieves an unprecedented thermal sensitivity of 19.6%/°C, which is much higher than those of previously reported stretchable thermistors. The mechanism for the thermal response is revealed by considering the thermally activated ion mobility and dissociation. The stretchable thermistors are conformally attached on curved surfaces for the practical monitoring of minute temperature change. Notably, the uncovered Gly-organohydrogel avoids drying and freezing at 70 and -18 °C, respectively, reflecting the excellent antidrying and antifreezing attributes. In addition, the organohydrogel displays ultrahigh stretchability (1103% strain), self-healing ability, and high transparency. This work sheds light on fabricating ultrasensitive and stretchable temperature sensors with excellent thermal stability by modulating the solvent of hydrogels.

Ultrasensitive and Stretchable Temperature Sensors Based on Thermally Stable and Self-Healing Organohydrogels.

Self-healing, anti-freezing, adhesive and remoldable hydrogel sensor with ion-liquid metal dual conductivity for biomimetic skin

Self-Healing, Wet-Adhesion Silk Fibroin Conductive Hydrogel as a Wearable Strain Sensor for Underwater Applications

Stretchable strain sensors have received intensive attention recently due to their widespread potentials in the fields of healthcare monitoring, soft robotics, and electronic skin. Besides high stretchability and excellent sensing properties, the transparency of the sensor is another important parameter when designing multi-functional sensors in reality. In this review paper, we mainly focused on the different strategies to realize the transparency of stretchable strain sensor. Some typical advances in different types of stretchable and transparent strain sensors as well as their mechanisms, sensing properties, and applications are summarized. Finally, the open question and possible solution in this field have also been showcased.

Advances in transparent and stretchable strain sensors

Chitosan based adsorbents for the removal of phosphate and nitrate: A critical review.

It has been a challenge to integrate multifunctionalities, such as transparency, stretchability, stability, and adhesiveness, in a single strain sensor. In this study, a novel ionogel was synthesized by the photopolymerization of butyl acrylate (BA) in the ionic liquid bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl imide) ([BMIM]TFSI). Due to good compatibility between BA and [BMIM]TFSI, the achieved ionogel had excellent transparency and high stretchability. Attributed to the hydrophobicity of BA and [BMIM]TFSI and high boiling point of [BMIM]TFSI, the ionogel exhibited super environmental stability; in other words, there was no weight change in the ambient environment. Moreover, the ionogel could repetitively adhere to different substrates firmly even under water. Due to its excellent electromechanical properties such as fast response speed, low electrical hysteresis, high sensitivity and good repeatability, the ionogel strain sensor could detect various human motions including the bending of a finger, elbow, wrist and the beating of the human pulse. In addition, the sensor exhibited good sensitivity in temperature sensing. Therefore, this ionogel has a promising application in artificial flexible electronics.

A transparent, stretchable, stable, self-adhesive ionogel-based strain sensor for human motion monitoring

Phosphate deduction is an essential measure compulsory to control eutrophication of water bodies as it hinders disproportionate algae development. Presently existing phosphate removal approaches have several limitations. This study successfully prepared a nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide (NrGO) and nitrogen doped reduced graphene oxide decorated with Fe3O4 nanoparticles as nanocomposite adsorbents which exhibited high capacity and specific affinity towards phosphate. The crystal structure, surface morphology and stability of the adsorbents were investigated by various physiochemical characterizations which revealed the successful doping of nitrogen in GO and uniformly covered by Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The kinetic study suggests the pseudo second-order better fitted the phosphate adsorption with physisorption and chemisorption. The Freundlich isotherm model better fitted the phosphate adsorption with removal capacity of 169.7 mg g−1 while the reaction mechanism confirms the successful phosphate adsorption by composite material. This study provides an easy synthesis of nitrogen-doped graphene oxide magnetic composite materials with the potential for large scale application.

N-doped reduced graphene oxide decorated with Fe3O4 composite: Stable and magnetically separable adsorbent solution for high performance phosphate removal

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A transparent, stretchable, stable, self-adhesive ionogel-based strain sensor for human motion monitoring

N-doped reduced graphene oxide decorated with Fe3O4 composite: Stable and magnetically separable adsorbent solution for high performance phosphate removal