Well-defined porous Fe3O4 flower-like nanostructures have been synthesized by decomposition of the iron alkoxide precursors that are prepared by heating up the solution of FeCl3·6H2O, urea, and surfactant in ethylene glycol. Time-dependent SEM studies indicate that the structure evolution of iron alkoxide precursors contains a fast nucleation of primary nanoparticles followed by a subsequent growth. By varying the amount of surfactant in the solution, the morphology and microstructure of the iron alkoxide precursors can be controlled. After calcination, the flower-like nanostructures of the precursors are maintained in the final products Fe3O4, with each petal of the flower being transformed from a dense structure with a smooth surface into a highly porous structure consisting of interconnected nanoparticles due to the removal of organic species in the iron alkoxide by pyrolysis. Compared to traditional ferrites and ferromagnetic alloys, the complex permittivity of the flower-like porous Fe3O4 samples is ...

Morphology-Controlled Synthesis and Electromagnetic Properties of Porous Fe3O4 Nanostructures from Iron Alkoxide Precursors

Monodispersed ferrite nanospheres were synthesized in an ethylene glycol/diethylene glycol (EG/DEG) binary solvent by using poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) as the surfactant. Particle size control can be attained by careful adjustment of the VEG/VDEG ratio. Different from previous reports, the magnetic studies of our iron ferrite (Fe3O4) nanospheres with various sizes from 20 to 300 nm reveal that they exhibit a similar magnetic saturation (Ms) value. In particular, both the ferromagnetic and superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanospheres with similar Ms can be selectively obtained by varying the H2O concentration in the reaction system. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characterization indicates that the as-prepared superparamagnetic Fe3O4 and ZnFe2O4 nanospheres possess a T2 relaxivity range that can be used as potential MRI contrast agents.

Facile synthesis of size-controllable monodispersed ferrite nanospheres†

Engineered magnetic nanoparticles, MFe2O4 (where M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni and Zn), of mean size 2–16 nm (standard deviation σ ≤ 15%) with controlled magnetic properties have been synthesized through a solventless thermolysis technique. In this ‘energy-efficient’ facile approach, a long-chain amine is utilized as the solvent, reducing and surface-functionalizing agent. The particle sizes between 2–9 nm are tuned by simple manipulation of the amine to precursor molar ratio while the larger sizes (12–16 nm) are attained by seed-mediated growth. The synthesized nanoparticles are magnetic and show cubic-spinel structure as characterized by HRTEM, SAED, XRD and Raman spectroscopy. The spin–orbit coupling, which induces larger magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy, leads to an increase of the blocking temperature in an order of Zn, Ni, Mn, Fe and Co. Additionally the saturation magnetization (magnetization at 2 T) of nanoparticle decreases in an order as per the periodic arrangement i.e. Mn > Fe > Co > Ni > Zn. This trend is better understood in terms of a cationic distribution of varying magnetic moments in these spinel oxides. For all the ferrites, the magnetization saturates to the bulk value at sizes ≥12 nm, indicating strict control over the dead layer thickness. The effect of surface coordination on the magnetic properties of the ferrite nanoparticles is analyzed. In contrast to trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO) and oleic acid (OA) functionalized nanoparticles the saturation magnetization of amine protected nanoparticles is higher, which suggests a strong coupling of amine molecules to cations at the particle interface.

Surface controlled synthesis of MFe2O4 (M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni and Zn) nanoparticles and their magnetic characteristics

Different morphological single-crystal magnetites (Fe3O4) with a nanoporous structure, which exhibit excellent magnetic properties, have been synthesized by a polyol process. Both the type of polyol and the concentration of KOH play important roles in the formation of various morphologies. Cubic, truncated-octahedral, and octahedral shapes can be prepared by changing the concentration of the KOH solution in ethylene glycol. Sequentially, a series of submicro magnetites have been successfully obtained in the shape of spheres, truncated cubes, and equilateral octahedra by incrementally adjusting the concentration of KOH in glycerol. All the samples are ferromagnetic at 2 K but nearly paramagnetic at 300 K except the cubic sample. These Fe3O4 crystals may have a potential application as magnetic carriers for drug targeting because of their excellent soft-magnetic properties.

Morphology-controlled synthesis of magnetites with nanoporous structures and excellent magnetic properties

In this study, we developed a facile microwave-assisted ethylene glycol approach to synthesize Fe3O4 nanoroses in the presence of the PEO-PPO-PEO block copolymer (P123). The resulting products were...

Facile microwave-assisted synthesis and magnetic and gas sensing properties of Fe3O4 nanoroses

It is reported in this paper that a microsized magnetic particle Fe3O4 with peanutlike morphology is successfully prepared from FeCO3 with the same morphology via direct-sealed thermal decomposition. The peanutlike FeCO3 is obtained by hydrothermal reaction of the mixed aqueous solution containing Fe3+ and CO32- in the presence of ascorbic acid. The dynamic formation process of the FeCO3 precursor and influence of reaction conditions on the FeCO3 morphology are discussed in detail. The results show that both concentrations of ascorbic acid and Fe3+ in the reactive system play critical roles in obtaining peanutlike morphology. With this method, other microsized Fe3O4 or Fe2O3 with ellipsoidal, ellipsoidal rods, or rodlike morphologies could also be developed.

A FeCO3 Precursor-Based Route to Microsized Peanutlike Fe3O4

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A FeCO3 Precursor-Based Route to Microsized Peanutlike Fe3O4