Transition-metal nanocluster stabilization for catalysis: A critical review of ranking methods and putative stabilizers

https://cyberleninka.org/article/n/1310744.pdf

Poly(amidoamine), polypropylenimine, and related dendrimers and dendrons possessing different 1 → 2 branching motifs : An overview of the divergent procedures

This work focuses on the control of the polymerization process for melon (“graphitic carbon nitride”), with the aim of improving its photocatalytic activity intrinsically. We demonstrate here that reduction of the synthesis temperature leads to a mixture of the monomer melem and its higher condensates. We show that this mixture can be separated and provide evidence that the higher condensates are isolated oligomers of melem. On evaluating their photocatalytic activity for hydrogen evolution, the oligomers were found to be the most active species, having up to twice the activity of the monomer/oligomer mixture of the as-synthesized material, which in turn has 3 times the activity of the polymer melon, the literature benchmark. These results highlight the role of “defects”, i.e., chain terminations, in increasing the catalytic activity of carbon nitrides and at the same time point to the ample potential of intrinsically improving the photocatalytic activity of “carbon nitride”, especially through the select...

Low-Molecular-Weight Carbon Nitrides for Solar Hydrogen Evolution

Dendritic molecules are an exciting research topic because of their highly branched architecture, multiple functional groups on the periphery, and very pertinent features for various applications. Self-assembling dendritic amphiphiles have produced different nanostructures with unique morphologies and properties. Since their self-assembly in water is greatly relevant for biomedical applications, researchers have been looking for a way to rationally design dendritic amphiphiles for the last few decades. We review here some recent developments from investigations on the self-assembly of dendritic amphiphiles into various nanostructures in water on the molecular level. The main content of the review is divided into sections according to the different nanostructure morphologies resulting from the dendritic amphiphiles’ self-assembly. Finally, we conclude with some remarks that highlight the self-assembling features of these dendritic amphiphiles.

Supramolecular Architectures of Dendritic Amphiphiles in Water

A new type of polymer carbon dots with high quantum yield: From synthesis to investigation on fluorescence mechanism

Hybrid nanoparticles of carboxyl-terminated generation 4.5 (G4.5) poly(amidoamine) dendrimers with platinum nanocrystals encapsulated inside them were prepared in water. The obtained nanoparticles were treated by size-selective precipitation to refine the size distribution. On a carbon-coated copper grid, the nanoparticles formed a monolayer film when observed by TEM. The sizes of the hybrid nanoparticles were evenly dispersed, with an average diameter of 4.0 nm. The Fourier transform power spectrum proved that the monolayer film had short-range order, and locally hexagonal packing was present. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy showed that the encapsulated Pt atoms were gradually rearranged as metal nanocrystals after a period of time.

Preparation of monodisperse platinum nanocrystal core-poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimer shell structures as monolayer films

Poly(amidoamine) dendrimers with phenyl shells: fluorescence and aggregation behavior

Ag-dendrimer nanoclusters were prepared with Ag+ and carboxyl shell (G4.5) poly(amino amine) dendrimers. Self-assembly photosensitive ultrathin films were then fabricated with these Ag-dendrimer nanoclusters as polyanions and diazoresin (DR) as polycation. With UV irradiating the films became stable because of the formation of covalent linkages between the layers. Compared to similar films containing no Ag nanoclusters, the obtained films showed greatly enhanced electric conductivity. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 1515–1519, 2003

Fabrication of Ag nanoparticle–encapsulating multilayer films based on PAMAM dendrimers with covalent interlayer linkages

PAMAM dendrimers of the zeroth to fifth generation (G0−5) have been peripherally modified with phenyl, naphthyl, pyrenyl, and dansyl chromophores. Their fluorescence behaviors are strongly affected by the dendritic architectures at different generations. These dendrimers modified with hydrophobic chromphores can self-organize into vesicular aggregates at the low generations G0−3 in water. The size and aggregation number of these vesicles decrease with increasing generation from G0 to G3. Critical aggregation concentration determined by fluorescence spectroscopy reveals that these aggregates can be favorably formed in the order of G3 > G2 > G1. In contrast to the vesicles made from traditional amphiphilic compounds, these dendrimer-based vesicles are very adhesive due to the H-bonding interaction and entanglement of dendritic branches located in the outer layer. A large number of multivesicle assemblies, i.e., “twins” and “quins” consisting of two and five vesicles, were clearly identifiable with transmiss...

Fluorescence and aggregation behavior of poly(amidoamine) dendrimers peripherally modified with aromatic chromophores: the effect of dendritic architectures.

Poly(amidoamine) dendrimers from the zeroth generation (G 0) to the fifth generation (G 5) bearing electron-donating chromophores, i.e. N, N-dimethylphenylamine (PA), carbazole (Cz) and pyrene (Py) chromophores have been synthesized. The macromolecular reactions of chromophoric modifications of PAMAM dendrimers were monitored by fluorescence spectroscopy. The reliability of fluorescence monitoring was confirmed by NMR spectroscopy. Compared with widely applied environment-sensitive fluorescence probe techniques, a distinct feature of the fluorescence monitoring was that it directly reflected the conversion of chemical bonds. A comparative study revealed that the fluorescence quenching of small molecular Py by the high generation dendrimers of PAMAM-PA was a static quenching process. The high generation dendrimers of PAMAM-Py possessed relatively compact Py shells as compared with the same generation PAMAM-PA. Electrochemical studies revealed an architectural transition occurring from an open and flexible structure to a closely packed globular structure between G 2 and G 3. The electron-donating ability of PAMAM-PA was affected by dendritic architectures.

Poly(amidoamine) Dendrimers Bearing Electron-Donating Chromophores: Fluorescence and Electrochemical Properties

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