Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) provide noteworthy benefits over traditional approaches for several applications, including smart homes, healthcare, environmental monitoring, and homeland security. WSNs are integrated with the Internet Protocol (IP) to develop the Internet of Things (IoT) for connecting everyday life objects to the internet. Hence, major challenges of WSNs include: (i) how to efficiently utilize small size and low-power nodes to implement security during data transmission among several sensor nodes; (ii) how to resolve security issues associated with the harsh and complex environmental conditions during data transmission over a long coverage range. In this study, a secure IoT-based smart home automation system was developed. To facilitate energy-efficient data encryption, a method namely Triangle Based Security Algorithm (TBSA) based on efficient key generation mechanism was proposed. The proposed TBSA in integration of the low power Wi-Fi were included in WSNs with the Internet to develop a novel IoT-based smart home which could provide secure data transmission among several associated sensor nodes in the network over a long converge range. The developed IoT based system has outstanding performance by fulfilling all the necessary security requirements. The experimental results showed that the proposed TBSA algorithm consumed less energy in comparison with some existing methods.

A Novel Secure IoT-Based Smart Home Automation System Using a Wireless Sensor Network.

This paper proposes a novel data acquisition framework in sensor networks using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) with the goal of increasing the efficiency of the data gathering efforts. To maximize the system throughput, we introduce a priority-based frame selection scheme to suppress the number of redundant data transmissions between sensor nodes and the UAV. Toward this goal, we classify the nodes inside the UAV's coverage area into different frames according to their locations. Taking advantage of the mobility of the UAV, we assign different transmission priorities to nodes in different frames. To do that, we introduce an adjustment to the contention window value used in IEEE 802.11 MAC, thereby defining a lower contention window range to the frame with higher priority (urgent area) and a higher contention window range to the frame with lower priority (less important area). The proposed framework leads to a reduction in packet collisions and, at the same time, minimizes the packet loss originated from nodes in the rear-side of the UAV when the UAV moves in the forward direction. To optimize the networks' energy consumption, we present a novel routing protocol based on the aforementioned framework. By leveraging the proposed framework and routing algorithm, we aim to reduce the transmission distances between senders and receivers. A shorter distance leads to better channel quality and energy savings, as is verified by our simulation studies and results.

Priority-Based Data Gathering Framework in UAV-Assisted Wireless Sensor Networks

Data collection using unmanned aerial vehicles for Internet of Things platforms

Classification of Energy Saving Techniques for IoT-based Heterogeneous Wireless Nodes

Internet of Thing (IoT) or also referred to as IP-enabled wireless sensor network (IP-WSN) has become a rich area of research. This is due to the rapid growth in a wide spectrum of critical application domains. However, the properties within these systems such as memory size, processing capacity, and power supply have led to imposing constraints on IP-WSN applications and its deployment in the real world. Consequently, IP-WSN is constantly faced with issues as the complexity further rises due to IP mobility. IP mobility management is utilized as a mechanism to resolve these issues. The management protocols introduced to support mobility has evolved from host-based to network-based mobility management protocols. The presence of both types of solutions is dominant but depended on the nature of systems being deployed. The mobile node (MN) is involved with the mobility-related signaling in host-based protocols, while network-based protocols shield the host by transferring the mobility-related signaling to the network entities. The features of the IoT are inclined towards the network-based solutions. The wide spectrum of strategies derived to achieve enhanced performance evidently displays superiority in performance and simultaneous issues such as long handover latency, intense signaling, and packet loss which affects the QoS for the real-time applications. This paper extensively reviews and discusses the algorithms developed to address the challenges and the techniques of integrating IP over WSNs, the attributes of mobility management within the IPv4 and IPv6, respectively, and special focus is given on a comprehensive review encompassing mechanisms, advantages, and disadvantages on related work within the IPv6 mobility management. The paper is concluded with the proposition of several pertinent open issues which are of high research value.

/pdf/mobility-management-for-iot-a-survey-4scejlt44o.pdf

Mobility management for IoT: a survey

It is estimated that mobile internet devices that can act as sensors will outnumber humans this year (2013), and by 2015, there will be about 15 billion internet-connected devices. Related applications are thriving in commercial, civic, and scientific operations that involve sensors, web, and services, leading by both academic societies and industry companies. It is commonly accepted that the next generation of internet is becoming the “Internet ofThings (IoT)”which is a worldwide network of interconnected objects and their virtual representations uniquely addressable based on standard communication protocols. Identified by a unique address, any object including computers, mobile phones, RFID tagged devices, and especially Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) will be able to dynamically join the network, collaborate, and cooperate efficiently to achieve different tasks. With all these objects in the world equipped with tiny identifying devices, daily life on earth would undergo a big transformation. To achieve this vision, there is a need for scalable and interoperable networking systems to support the challenging requirements for future internet and web: secure, reliable, energy-efficient and cost-effective large-scale sensor networks, machine-to-machine communications, and information networking architectures suitable for low end devices through to high end consumers. The purpose of this special issue thus is to report on the recent and original advances on WSN and IoT that are to be innovative to open the new era of the Internet ofThings. From the many submissions we received, a number of exciting manuscripts stood out for their relevance and technical significance.These accepted papers touched upon threeWSN and IoT areas: IoT network infrastructure, related hardware design, and IoT protocols. A. Asensio et al. discussed the wireless sensor node architecture hardware design criterion based on energy analysis according to the specific requirements of an application. C. Liu et al. proposed a novelWSNauthentication scheme based on the quadratic residues theory, which uses themaster key to achieve simple symmetric cryptographic primitives and authentication operation for aims of great resistance against the attacks and low energy consumption. F. T. Lin proposed a method to tackle the dying nodes as well as the cost, specifically a holes healing scheme. C. Xu proposes a novel Vehicular Network-based CMT solution based on a CMT disorder analytic model which can effectively and accurately evaluate the degree of out-of-order data. S. Yin proposed two digital calibration and compensation techniques for low-power wireless multiband transceiver to adjust the VCO’s tuning curves in the frequency synthesizer and eliminate the DC offset voltage in the intermediate frequency pathway. J. Zhang proposed an energy-efficient distributed algorithm for virtual backbone construction with cellular structure WSN, which combines optimal coverage theory based on cellular structure and energy consumption model for different kinds of sensor nodes to achieve the construction and rotation of backbone in multiple rounds. By compiling these papers we hope to enrich our readers and researchers with latest innovative ideas with respect to the future Wireless Sensor Network and Internet of Things.

/pdf/wireless-sensor-networks-and-the-internet-of-things-2og9o0bseu.pdf

Wireless Sensor networks and the Internet of Things

In this paper, we study and compare the performance of bus-based and Mesh-based with Spidernet NoC-based infrastructure in Altera’s FPGA. We first analysis the inner latency performance of the NoC infrastructure among routers, and we provide two modes to emulate the specific application on those infrastructures for the purpose of performance comparison. It is shown that NoC-based infrastructure performs better than bus-based one in terms of latency when the number of flits contained in the packets exceeds certain threshold. In addition, Spidernet-based infrastructure outperforms Mesh-based one under the same condition, which verifies the correctness of the theoretical performance analysis.

Bus-Based and NoC Infrastructure Performance Emulation and Comparison

There are advantages to retrieve information from the Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) for UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles). However, the UAV-WSN system has some differences with conventional WSN system. So it is important to design an appropriate scheme to control the transmission in a UAV-WSN system. In this paper we proposed a protocol called A-OAloha (Adaptive-Opportunistic Aloha) for UAV-UAV-WSN system to guarantee its efficiency. This protocol is based on a cross-layer design and is designed with the consideration of the distribution of the successful sensors, energy consumption and the transmission efficiency. For the distribution of the successful sensors, we design a mechanism based on the priority to make the distribution more uniform and the priority could be adaptively changed. For the consideration of energy-efficiency we choose to use the method that make the sensors go into sleep when they do not need to send data until a beacon signal from the UAV is received to transmit data. For the transmission efficiency we added a communication stage in every interval based on the O-Aloha scheme to enlarge the throughput under an acceptable system Bit Error Rate (BER).

A Cross-Layer Design for Data Collecting of the UAV-Wireless Sensor Network System

Recognizing that data collection in a unmanned aerial vehicle–wireless sensor network system is significantly different from that in a conventional wireless sensor network system, we propose a media access control protocol called adaptive-opportunistic Aloha for unmanned aerial vehicle–wireless sensor network systems. Based on a cross-layered design, this proposed adaptive-opportunistic Aloha protocol takes several important factors into consideration, including distribution of sensors, energy consumption, and transmission efficiency. In order for unmanned aerial vehicle to uniformly collect data from the ground sensors that are distributed in a random fashion, adaptive-opportunistic Aloha adopts a priority-based mechanism for channel assignment and collision avoidance, and importantly, the priority could be adaptively changed according to locations and distribution of the sensors. To improve energy efficiency, the adaptive-opportunistic Aloha can effectively put the sensors into the sleep mode when they ...

Adaptive-opportunistic Aloha: A media access control protocol for unmanned aerial vehicle–wireless sensor network systems:

Network on chip (NoC) provides a network-based interconnect infrastructure that facilitates the communications among a slew of function cores in a modern System-on-chip (SoC) design. Apart from topology, switching technique and routing strategy adopted in an NoC, flow control scheme that regulates the packet injection rates is another determining factor that impacts the NoC efficiency. In this paper, we propose a Feedback-Based end-to-end congestion control scheme that supports Wireless NoC to make adjustment automatically' upon receiving a feedback message, the source node will adjust its packet size and transmission rate accordingly. Besides, an arbitration optimization strategy, fast-forward scheme is imported to assign higher priority to the downstream flits at the same input port and to the same next output port, thus lighten the resource waste caused by the rest communication tasks. Finally, simulation results indicate the superiority.

Flow Control Mechanism for Wireless Network-on-Chip

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