Passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) is an emerging sustainable technology that can spontaneously radiate heat to outer space through an atmospheric transparency window to achieve self‐cooling. PDRC has attracted considerable attention and shows great potential for personal thermal management (PTM). However, PDRC polymers are limited to polyethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, and their derivatives. In this study, a series of polymer films based on thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and their composite films with silica aerogels (aerogel‐functionalized TPU (AFTPU)) are prepared using a simple and scalable non‐solvent‐phase‐separation strategy. The TPU and AFTPU films are freestanding, mechanically strong, show high solar reflection up to 94%, and emit strongly in the atmospheric transparency window, thereby achieving subambient cooling of 10.0 and 7.7 °C on a hot summer day for the TPU and AFTPU film (10 wt%), respectively. The AFTPU films can be used as waterproof and moisture permeable coatings for traditional textiles, such as cotton, polyester, and nylon, and the highest temperature drop of 17.6 °C is achieved with respect to pristine nylon fabric, in which both the cooling performance and waterproof properties are highly desirable for the PTM applications. This study opens up a promising route for designing common polymers for highly efficient PDRC.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/advs.202201190

Aerogel‐Functionalized Thermoplastic Polyurethane as Waterproof, Breathable Freestanding Films and Coatings for Passive Daytime Radiative Cooling

Passive radiative cooling (PRC) and passive radiative heating (PRH) have drawn increasing attention as green and sustainable cooling and heating approaches, respectively. Existing material designs for PRC/PRH are usually static and unsuitable for dynamic seasonal and weather changes. Herein, we demonstrate an all-day dual-mode film fabricated by decorating MXene nanosheets on porous poly(vinylidene fluoride) with abundant coral-like hierarchical structures obtained via phase inversion. The cooling side of the dual-mode film exhibits high solar reflectivity (96.7%) and high infrared emissivity (96.1%). Consequently, daytime subambient radiative cooling of 9.8 °C is achieved with a theoretical cooling power of 107.5 W/m2 and nighttime subambient cooling of 11.7 °C is achieved with a theoretical cooling power of 140.7 W/m2. Meanwhile, the heating side of the dual-mode film exhibits low infrared emissivity (11.6%) and high solar absorptivity (75.7%), contributing to a PRH capability of 8.1 °C, and excellent active solar and Joule heating as effective compensation for PRH. The dual-mode film could be easily switched between cooling and heating modes by flipping it to adapt to dynamic cooling and heating scenarios, which is important for alleviating the energy crisis and reducing greenhouse emissions.

Dual-Mode Porous Polymeric Films with Coral-like Hierarchical Structure for All-Day Radiative Cooling and Heating.

Personal thermal management (PTM) is a promising approach for maintaining the thermal comfort zone of the human body while minimizing the energy consumption of indoor buildings. Recent studies have reported the development of numerous advanced textiles that enable PTM systems to regulate body temperature and are comfortable to wear. Herein, recent advancements in thermoregulatory clothing for PTM are discussed. These advances in thermoregulatory clothing have focused on enhancing the control of heat dissipation between the skin and the localized environment. We primarily summarize research on advanced clothing that controls the heat dissipation pathways of the human body, such as radiation- and conductance-controlled clothing. Furthermore, adaptive clothing such as dual-mode textiles, which can regulate the microclimate of the human body, as well as responsive textiles that address both thermal performance (warming and/or cooling) and wearability are discussed. Finally, we include a discussion on significant challenges and perspectives in this field, including large-scale production, smart textiles, bioinspired clothing, and AI-assisted clothing. This comprehensive review aims to further the development of sustainably manufactured advanced clothing with superior thermal performance and outstanding wearability for PTM in practical applications.

Recent Advances in Thermoregulatory Clothing: Materials, Mechanisms, and Perspectives.

Incorporating zero‐energy‐input cooling technology into personal thermal management (PTM) systems is a promising solution for preventing heat‐related illnesses while reducing energy consumption. Although concepts for passive radiative cooling materials are proposed, achieving subambient cooling performance while providing good wearing comfort remains a challenge. Here, a moisture‐wicking nonwoven metafabric is reported that assembles radiative cooling and evaporative heat dissipation to achieve high‐performance thermal and moisture comfort management. This metafabric demonstrates excellent spectral‐selectivity (sunlight reflection of ≈92%, atmospheric window thermal emissivity of ≈97%) and Janus wettability through large‐scale electrospinning and hierarchical design, and also inherits superior elasticity, air/moisture permeability of nonwoven fabric. Subambient temperature drops of ≈6.5 °C (≈750 W m−2 solar intensity) for stand‐alone metafabric are observed. Thanks to the moisture‐wicking effect (water evaporation rate of 0.31 g h−1 and water transport index of 1220%) of metafabric that enables fast evaporation of sweat, a maximum generation of 1 mL h−1 of sweat can cool the skin, thus reducing the excessive sweating risk after intense exercise. Additionally, the cooling performance of metafabric can be regulated by applying various strains (0–100%). The cost‐efficiency and good wearability of metafabric provide an innovative way to sustainable energy, smart textiles, and thermal wet comfort applications.

Dynamically Tunable Subambient Daytime Radiative Cooling Metafabric with Janus Wettability

Scalable multifunctional radiative cooling materials

Effect of grain size on deformation and fracture of Inconel718: An in-situ SEM-EBSD-DIC investigation

The universal passive radiative cooling behavior of aerogels is revealed and their impact on thermal conductivity-related thermal insulation performance is investigated.

Universal passive radiative cooling behavior of aerogels

Personal thermal management (PTM) materials have attracted increasing attention owing to their application for personal comfort in an energy-saving mode. However, they normally work in the same media such as in the air, and little is known about what would be happened in other media like water. In this study, we proposed a system for cross-media thermal management (CMTM): passive cooling in air and thermal insulation underwater. Hybrid aerogels comprising thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) matrix and superhydrophobic silica aerogel particle (SSAP) for CMTM are designed and synthesized using a thermally induced phase separation and self-templating strategy. The TPU matrix endows the aerogels with super stretchability (500%), shape memory, and outstanding healing recovery rate (89.9%), which are ideal characteristics for potential wearable usage. Additionally, the TPU and SSAP endow the aerogel with high solar reflectivity and infrared emissivity, thus achieving a sub-ambient cooling of 10.6 °C in air. Moreover, the SSAP endows the aerogels with low thermal conductivity (0.052 W·m-1 ·K-1 ) and high hydrophobicity (143°), enabling the aerogels for underwater thermal insulation. The CMTM performance of the aerogels makes them for potential uses in cross-media environments such as reefs and islands where cooling in air and thermal insulation in water are required. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Super-Stretchable Hybrid Aerogels by Self-Templating Strategy for Cross-Media Thermal Management.

Rapid and portable water purification (RPWP) technologies, helping travelers survive in the wild, have attracted increasing interest due to increasing activities, such as exploration, field hiking, and excursion. Field water is usually pathogenic because of various soluble and insoluble contaminants. In this study, fish-gill-like biomimetic core-shell-structured nanofiber membranes are designed and synthesized by an in situ oxidation polymerization coating process. A polyimide nanofiber membrane and a polypyrrole (PPy) coating layer are employed as a core and shell, respectively. The biomimetic membranes exhibit dual-functional capacities: a rapid removal of insoluble contaminants owing to the highly porous network and broad-spectrum adsorption of soluble contaminants enabled by the PPy shell. Model studies confirm the excellent ability of the membranes to purify Cr(VI)-contaminated water to drinkable water with a safe capacity of ∼1415 L m-2. Actual application tests show that the membrane can efficiently remove coliform and suspended solids in a muddy water sample taken from a river in Suzhou, China. This study provides a promising route for the design of a single-layer membrane with dual functions for highly efficient RPWP.

Biomimetic Core-Shell-Structured Nanofiber Membranes for Rapid and Portable Water Purification.

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