We developed a high-power laser system at a wavelength of 399 nm for laser cooling of ytterbium atoms with ultraviolet laser diodes. The system is composed of an external cavity laser diode providing frequency stabilized output at a power of 40 mW and another laser diode for amplifying the laser power up to 220 mW by injection locking. The systematic method for optimization of our injection locking can also be applied to high power light sources at any other wavelengths. Our system does not depend on complex nonlinear frequency-doubling and can be made compact, which will be useful for providing light sources for laser cooling experiments including transportable optical lattice clocks.

pdf/injection-locking-of-a-high-power-ultraviolet-laser-diode-3hgr1ztwn9.pdf

Injection locking of a high power ultraviolet laser diode for laser cooling of ytterbium atoms.

An optical atomic clock with 171Yb atoms is devised and tested. By using a two-stage Doppler cooling technique, the 171Yb atoms are cooled down to a temperature of 6?3 ?K, which is close to the Doppler limit. Then, the cold 171Yb atoms are loaded into a one-dimensional optical lattice with a wavelength of 759 nm in the Lamb?Dicke regime. Furthermore, these cold 171Yb atoms are excited from the ground-state 1S0 to the excited-state 3P0 by a clock laser with a wavelength of 578 nm. Finally, the 1S0?3P0 clock-transition spectrum of these 171Yb atoms is obtained by measuring the dependence of the population of the ground-state 1S0 upon the clock-laser detuning.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1674-1056/22/9/090601/pdf

Clock-transition spectrum of 171 Yb atoms in a one-dimensional optical lattice

We developed a high-power laser system at a wavelength of 399 nm for laser cooling of ytterbium atoms with ultraviolet laser diodes. The system is composed of an external cavity laser diode providing frequency stabilized output at a power of 40 mW and another laser diode for amplifying the laser power up to 220 mW by injection locking. The systematic method for optimization of our injection locking can also be applied to high power light sources at any other wavelengths. Our system, which does not depend on complex nonlinear frequency-doubling, has great importance for implementing transportable optical lattice clocks, and is also useful for investigations on condensed matter physics or quantum information processing using cold atoms.

Injection locking of a high power ultraviolet laser diode for laser cooling of ytterbium atoms

Experiments on trapping ytterbium atoms in various optical lattices are presented. After the two-stage cooling, first in a blue magneto—optical trap and then in a green magneto—optical trap, the ultracold 171Yb atoms are successfully loaded into one-, two-, and three-dimensional optical lattices operating at the Stark-free wavelength, respectively. The temperature, number, and lifetime of cold 171Yb atoms in one-dimensional lattice are measured. After optimization, the one-dimensional lattice with cold 171Yb atoms is used for developing an ytterbium optical clock.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1674-1056/22/10/103701/pdf

Experiments on trapping ytterbium atoms in optical lattices

We present a detailed study of the clock-transition spectrum of cold 171Yb ytterbium atoms in a 1D optical lattice. A typical clock-transition spectrum with a carrier-sideband structure is observed. After minimizing the power broadening effect and compensating the stray magnetic field, the carrier linewidth is narrowed to about 16 Hz for a 60 ms interrogation time. By increasing the interrogation time to 150 ms, the linewidth is further reduced to 6.8 Hz. By applying the bias magnetic field parallel to the clock-laser polarization, a two-peak spectrum corresponding to two π transitions is obtained. Finally, spin polarization of atoms to a single desired Zeeman sublevel of the ground state is also demonstrated. The presented results will be very useful for developing better optical lattice clocks.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1612-2011/12/2/025501/pdf

Study on the clock-transition spectrum of cold 171 Yb ytterbium atoms

Numerical modeling of thermal effects in a high-power injection-locked cw Ti:sapphire laser

The slope efficiency and threshold of a injection-locked cw Ti:sapphire laser are numerically calculated based on our theoretical model. The results are in a good agreement with the published experimental results.

Numerical analysis of a injection-locked cw Ti:sapphire laser

Numerical analysis of the output power of the injection-locked cw Ti:sapphire lasers

The experiments on the laser cooling and trapping of ytterbium atoms are reported, including the two-dimensional transversal cooling, longitudinal velocity Zeeman deceleration, and a magneto-optical trap with a broadband transition at a wavelength of 399 nm The magnetic field distributions along the axis of a Zeeman slower were measured and in a good agreement with the calculated results Cold ytterbium atoms were produced with a number of about 107 and a temperature of a few milli-Kelvin In addition, using a 556-nm laser, the excitations of cold ytterbium atoms at 1S0-3P1 transition were observed The ytterbium atoms will be further cooled in a 556-nm magneto-optical trap and loaded into a three-dimensional optical lattice to make an ytterbium optical clock

Laser cooling and trapping of ytterbium atoms

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Numerical modeling of thermal effects in a high-power injection-locked cw Ti:sapphire laser

Numerical analysis of a injection-locked cw Ti:sapphire laser

Numerical analysis of the output power of the injection-locked cw Ti:sapphire lasers

Laser cooling and trapping of ytterbium atoms