The levels of pesticides in water have increased due to their excessive use in the modern agricultural domain Choosing a suitable water treatment method for pesticide removal depends on the type of pesticide and the efficacy of the treatment process This review critically discusses and provides a detailed description of a variety of chemical, physical, and biological approaches for pesticide removal from water, such as advanced oxidation processes, adsorption, activated sludge, membrane bioreactors, and membrane technologies Both single-treatment and hybrid methods are thoroughly described and critically discussed The use of hybrid removal techniques offers potential opportunities to develop innovative pesticide removal techniques A thorough analysis of influent composition and recognition of the best removal technique is very important to design a water treatment plant that targets the maximum possible removal rate for different types of pesticides Furthermore, the decentralization of water treatment was also discussed in which it is an important approach that would lead to better effluent water quality for lower prices Many affordable techniques such as activated sludge and adsorption by agricultural adsorbents showed high efficacy in treating high levels of different pesticides

Removal of pesticides from water and wastewater: Chemical, physical and biological treatment approaches

Sustainable materials in the removal of pesticides from contaminated water: Perspective on macro to nanoscale cellulose

Extreme utilization of pesticides for agricultural purposes increases the level of pesticide content in water. Seasonal use of pesticides can cause increased concentrations at potable water abstraction sites as a shock load, which can be difficult for conventional treatment processes to deal with. Choosing the right water treatment method to remove pesticides hangs on the nature of pesticides and the effectiveness of the technique. The focus of this review is to discuss the current developments and progress in the use of various techniques for possible removal of pesticides from wastewater. Some of these processes include advanced oxidation, adsorption, activated sludge treatment, bioreactors and membrane technologies. The solo and mixed treatment techniques have been reviewed in detail and analyzed rigorously. The utilization of hybrid disposal technologies exhibit potential for the development of innovative pesticide removal techniques. Form the process effectiveness point of view, it is very important to thoroughly analyze the composition of the influent and identify the best removal technique. Furthermore, study emphasizes on designing of water treatment plant, the decentralization of water treatment and economical approaches for removal of various types of pesticides from wastewater are discussed.

Recent trends and future challenges of pesticide removal techniques – A comprehensive review

In modern agriculture, chemical pesticides are widely used to protect crop plants from insects and microbial pests, but the improper application of synthetic chemicals is hazardous for non-targeted organisms and the environment of the applied sites. The disposition mechanism of applied pesticides is highly variable in global farmlands; therefore, the sustainable remediation of pesticide-contaminated sites is a priority research area for the ecofriendly management of these pollutants. Furthermore, researchers discourage the physical and chemical remediation of pesticides and their metabolites because of issues related to time consumption, cost effectiveness, and sustainability compared to microbial and enzymatic remediation. Microorganisms from diverse taxonomic groups, such as bacteria, fungi, and algae, are known to effectively metabolize pesticides and/or alter the chemical structures facilitating their degradation and making the contaminated environment free from harmful pesticide residues. Similarly, catalytic enzymes, such as laccase and peroxidase, can also efficiently remediate most organic and chemical pesticides. The elite strains of microorganisms, singly or as a mixed consortium, can be used for compelling biological pesticide remediation. However, several research uncertainties, including inconsistent performance, adaptation under varying weather conditions, and application difficulties, may limit the wider practical application of these potential ecofriendly bioremediation approaches. This study reviews recent literature on the prospect and challenges of ecofriendly bioremediation approaches for the reclamation of pesticide-contaminated sites. This study also discusses the underlying mechanism of the microbe- and enzyme-mediated bioremediation of pesticides with a sustainable research prospective.

Remediation of chemical pesticides from contaminated sites through potential microorganisms and their functional enzymes: Prospects and challenges

Nano-activated carbon derived from date palm coir waste for efficient sequestration of noxious 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid herbicide.

The pesticide production industry generates a high strength wastewater containing a range of toxic pollutants (2,4-dichlorphenoxy acetic acid: 2,4-D; 4-(2,4-dichlorphenox) propionic acid: 2,4-DP; 4-(2,4-dichlorophenox) butyric acid: 2,4-DB; 2,4-dichlorophenol: 2,4-DCP; 2,4,6-trichlorophenol: 2,4,6-TCP; 4-chlororthocresol: PCOC; 4-chloro-2-methyl phenoxyacetic acid: MCPA, 4-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy) butyric acid: MCPB and 2-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy) propionic acid: MCPP). These pesticides can enter the natural environment and water sources if not removed in a wastewater treatment plant. Treated effluents are regulated by legislation such as the Water Framework Directive (WFD). Most studies found in literature focused on synthetic solutions, synthetic wastewater, at lab-scale or pilot-scale. Although these studies can provide information on the removal mechanisms and provide a comparison between process efficiency, they have limited practical applicability. The process that has been more widely used to treat high strength wastewaters rich in recalcitrant compounds at full-scale, is the combination of biological/granular activated carbon and granular activated carbon/biological processes. The pesticide production wastewater contains a variety of compounds, that can be removed by 80-90% using biological processes (such as membrane bioreactors) and granular activated carbon has been shown to selectively remove the pesticides, potentially creating a high quality effluent. Nevertheless, in order to assert processes design, efficiencies or costs, it is crucial to evaluate these processes experimentally.

Treatment options for reclaiming wastewater produced by the pesticide industry

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Treatment options for reclaiming wastewater produced by the pesticide industry