Cesium is the major fission product of uranium, which widely exists in radioactive wastewater. Radiocesium has potential adverse effects on human health and ecological environment. Different methods such as chemical precipitation, coagulation/co-precipitation, solvent extraction, membrane process, chemical reduction, and adsorption have been used to remove radioactive cesium from aqueous solution. However, the development of innovative technologies capable of selectively removing radioactive cesium is still imperative yet challenging. This review focused on cesium removal using various separation technologies, including chemical precipitation, solvent extraction, membrane separation, and adsorption. The key restraints for cesium removal, as well as the recent progress of these methods have also been discussed. Particular attention has been paid to the adsorption methods, which has been highlighted by introducing the latest advances in inorganic adsorbents (such as metal hexacyanoferrates, clay minerals, carbon-based-adsorbents, and ammonium molybdophosphate), organic adsorbents (such as ion exchange resin, metal–organic frameworks and supramolecular/indicator grafting adsorbents), and biosorbents (such as agroforestry wastes and microbial biomass). Adsorption-based methods are high efficient in separation of cesium ions from aqueous streams, and adsorption of cesium ions has been investigated intensively and even used in practical applications, there is still considerable scope for improvement in terms of adsorption capacity and selectivity.

Removal of cesium ions from aqueous solutions using various separation technologies

Insights into ion-imprinted materials for the recovery of metal ions: preparation, evaluation and application

This paper presents a synthesis of mesoporous silica (MS) from natural clay as a silica source using Pluronic L35 (EO11PO16EO11) as a structure-directing agent. The prepared material was characterized by XRD, X-ray fluorescence, thermogravimetric analysis, SEM, TEM, and N2 adsorption-desorption analyses. Then, mesoporous material was used for the removal of Acid Red 337 (AR337) from aqueous solution, and the treatment of real textile effluent. The effect of pH, contact time, weight of adsorbent, and initial concentration was studied in batch adsorption. The synthesized mesoporous material showed good discoloration efficiency with a 62% percentage. Experiment with real textile wastewater showed that 39%, 40%, and 31.5% of the color, TOC, and chemical oxygen demand respectively were eliminated by using 1 g of MS per liter of wastewater.

/pdf/mesoporous-silica-synthesized-from-natural-local-kaolin-as-575nxrmkid.pdf

Mesoporous silica synthesized from natural local kaolin as an effective adsorbent for removing of Acid Red 337 and its application in the treatment of real industrial textile effluent

Rubidium and cesium play increasingly important roles in high-tech fields such as aerospace engineering, arms development, and perovskite solar cell fabrication owing to their unique physical and c...

Research Trends on Separation and Extraction of Rare Alkali Metal from Salt Lake Brine: Rubidium and Cesium

Adsorption of cesium using mesoporous silica gel evenly doped by Prussian blue nanoparticles

Hexagonally ordered mesoporous silica SBA-15 was successfully synthesized for the first time using natural clay from low-grade potash ores of a salt lake in Qinghai, China, without addition of silica reagents. The influence of changes in processing parameters, such as activation method, hydrothermal conditions, and calcinations temperature, on the textural characteristics of the SBA-15 products was studied. A pretreatment process involving iron-removing and alkali fusion was critical to the successful use of natural clay from low-grade potash ores as a source of silica in the surfactant-templated hydrothermal synthesis of SBA-15. The product was characterized by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), N2 adsorption/ desorption isotherms, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and TG-DSC analysis. The resulting mesophase had a surface area of 546.6m2.g-1 and an average pore diameter of 6.2 nm with narrow pore size distribution. The results indicated that salt lake clay was a promising low-cost precursor for the production of mesoporous molecular sieve.

/pdf/synthesis-of-sba-15-using-natural-clay-from-low-grade-potash-2p5mzatlui.pdf

Synthesis of SBA-15 using natural clay from low-grade potash ores of a salt lake in Qinghai, China

Establishing a high-selectivity and rapid detection technology for trace index components in complex samples is of great significance for real-time and on-site drug quality evaluation. In this study, a molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor with highly selective recognition and detection of trace hyperoside was prepared using chitosan functionalized Nitrogen-doped graphene composite coated with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs/N-GR@CS) as electrode substrate modification material, and the deposition of AuNPs further improved the conductivity of the modified electrode. With the aid of molecular imprinting technology, polymer films with high selectivity and identification of hyperoside were successfully prepared on glassy carbon electrodes (GCE) by self-assembly using hyperoside as template molecule and acrylamide as functional monomer. Because the acrylamide can accept protons through the olefinic double bond and firmly polymerize with each other, while it binds with hyperoside through hydrogen bonds. Therefore, the hyperoside can be easily dissociated in the eluate, which offers a condition for formating a molecularly imprinted polymer film to highly select hyperoside. The highly conductive N-GR@CS modified at the bottom of the polymer film provides the possibility to electrocatalyze hyperoside, and facilitate electron transfer to amplify the response signal. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the sensor showed a detection limit was 6.42 × 10−8 mol l−1 (S/N = 3) with a good linear relationship in the range of 2.15 × 10−7 to 2.15 × 10−5 mol l−1. Moreover, it displayed good reproducibility and stability, and could realize the direct and highly selective detection of trace hyperoside in complex samples. In consequence, this study is expected to provide a convenient and reliable method for on-site real-time evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) quality with reference to the index components.

Study and Application of Molecularly Imprinted Electrochemical Sensor Based on AuNPs/N-GR@CS for Highly Selective Recognition of Trace Hyperoside

The invention belongs to the field of the synthesis of the materials, in particular relates to a preparation method of an Al-MCM-41 mesoporous molecular sieve. The prepared Al-MCM-41 is high in purity, large in specific surface area and pore volume and good in thermal stability. The preparation method comprises the steps: (1) preprocessing low-grade potassium ore; (2) activating slime, to be specific, mixing the slime and sodium hydroxide, and calcining the mixture under a certain temperature; (3) synthesizing the mesoporous molecular, to be specific, mixing the activated slime and distilled water, magnetically stirring for a certain period of time in a water bath of a given temperature, adjusting the pH value of the system by virtue of diluted hydrochloric acid to obtain silicate sol, transferring the silicate sol into a reaction kettle, dissolving a template agent having a certain mass in the distilled water, transferring the mixture into a small crucible, placing the small crucible onto a support in the reaction kettle, carrying out hydrothermal reaction at the temperature of 100 DEG C to obtain Al-MCM-41; and (4) adsorbing octadecylamine in the discharged tail liquid of the potassium chloride by utilizing the prepared mesoporous molecular sieve.

Preparation method of Al-MCM-41 mesoporous molecular sieve

A Cu(II) ion-imprinted polymer (Cu(II)-IIP) for the selective adsorption and separation of Cu(II) was prepared by modifying the surface of mesoporous silica SBA-15 through surface ion imprinting. The prepared polymer was characterized by Fourier transmission infrared spectra (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Energy disperse spectrometer (EDS), Thermogravimetric analysis(TGA), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherm. Batch adsorption tests were investigated on the effects of solution pH value, contact time and different initial Cu(II) ion concentrations. The results showed that the Cu(II)-IIP has higher adsorption capacity and selectivity than that of nonimprinted polymer (NIP). The adsorption isotherm followed Langmuir model. The kinetic data well fitted the pseudosecond-order kinetic model compared with the pseudo-firstorder kinetic model. The selectivity coefficients for Cu(II)/Cd(II), Cu(II)/Fe(II), Cu(II)/Co(II), Cu(II)/Pb(II) were 3.56, 2.32, 11.75, 4.73, respectively. In addition, Adsorption capacity did not significantly decrease after five adsorption– desorption cycles were completed. demonstrating that the polymer is stable and reusable. Keywords-Ion-imprinted polymer; Mesoporous silica ; Surface imprinting technology; Cu(II) ; Adsorption

/pdf/synthesis-and-characterization-of-surface-ion-imprinted-48nbegdnl4.pdf

Synthesis and Characterization of Surface Ion-imprinted Polymer Based on Mesoporous Silica SBA-15 for Selective Removal of Cu(II) from Aqueous Solutions

A new Cs(I) magnetic ion-imprinted polymer (Cs(I)-MIIP) aimed at the selective adsorption and separation of Cs(I) from salt lake brine was prepared. The Fe3O4@SiO2 was used as supporter, Cs(I) as template ion, and carboxymethyl chitosan as functional monomer. The product was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra, XRD, energy-dispersive spectrometry, scanning electron microcopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and vibrating sample magnetometer. The adsorption of the Cs(I)-MIIP in solution was investigated, which indicated the maximum adsorption capacity was 36.15 mg·g−1 under the optimum conditions. The pseudo-first-order kinetic model and the Freundlich isotherm model were applied to predict the adsorption process of Cs(I) onto Cs(I)-MIIP. Selectivity experiments showed that the relative selectivity coefficient (k′) were 24.995, 1.73, 1.43, 4.83, and 1.63 to Cs(I)/Li(I), Cs(I)/Na(I), Cs(I)/K(I), Cs(I)/Rb(I), and Cs(I)/Sr(II) binary solutions, higher than those of NIP, respectively. Furth...

Selective adsorption and separation of Cs(I) from salt lake brine by a novel surface magnetic ion-imprinted polymer

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