Fabricating hierarchical core-shell nanostructures is currently the subject of intensive research in the electrochemical field owing to the hopes it raises for making efficient electrodes for high-performance supercapacitors. Here, we develop a simple and cost-effective approach to prepare CuO@MnO2 core-shell nanostructures without any surfactants and report their applications as electrodes for supercapacitors. An asymmetric supercapacitor with CuO@MnO2 core-shell nanostructure as the positive electrode and activated microwave exfoliated graphite oxide (MEGO) as the negative electrode yields an energy density of 22.1 Wh kg−1 and a maximum power density of 85.6 kW kg−1; the device shows a long-term cycling stability which retains 101.5% of its initial capacitance even after 10000 cycles. Such a facile strategy to fabricate the hierarchical CuO@MnO2 core-shell nanostructure with significantly improved functionalities opens up a novel avenue to design electrode materials on demand for high-performance supercapacitor applications.

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Merging of Kirkendall Growth and Ostwald Ripening: CuO@MnO2 Core-shell Architectures for Asymmetric Supercapacitors

In this study, the performance of periodate (PI) on sulfadiazine (SDZ) degradation was evaluated using coagulation solid waste fabricated catalyst (CWBC), obtained by simple pyrolysis. SDZ effectively underwent 98.94% remove within 90 min in the CWBC/PI system. Electron transfer was the predominant mechanism due to the development of an electronic cycle among SDZ, CWBC and PI, where the O2•−, PFRs, and the reactive iodine species had minor roles. Density functional theory calculations identified that Fe and N could change the electron configuration and break the chemical inertness of carbonaceous material. As a result, electrons on the carbon matrix of CWBC are inclined to travel through the formed Fe–O covalent bond to PI. Further analysis demonstrated that SO42−, humic acid (HA), as well as anoxic conditions greatly facilitated SDZ degradation. This study provides a facile protocol for converting coagulation waste to an efficient catalyst and provides fundamental insights into the degradation mechanisms of micropollutants by activating PI.

Fe, N-doped carbonaceous catalyst activating periodate for micropollutant removal: Significant role of electron transfer

Reduced graphene oxide/CdS for efficiently photocatalystic degradation of methylene blue

Two novel ternary nanocatalysts, f-MWCNTs-CdS and f-MWCNTs-Ag2S were successfully constructed by covalent grafting of fourth generation (G4) hyperbranched, crosslinked poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) to carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs-COOH) and subsequent deposition of CdS or Ag2S quantum dots (QDs). The structural transformation, surface potential, and morphology of functionalized MWCNTs (f-MWCNTs) and nanocatalysts were characterized by UV–vis spectrophotometer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. Transmission electron microscopy reveals the effective anchoring of QDs on f-MWCNTs. The catalytic activity of nanocatalysts was evaluated by photodegradation of methyl orange under illumination of UV light. The coupling of MWCNTs, PAMAM and CdS or Ag2S QDs significantly enhanced the catalytic efficiency of nanocatalysts. The rate constants for degradation of methyl orange in presence of nanocatalysts were calculated using the Langmuir–Hinshelwood model. Overall, the excellence in photodegradation was accomplished by hybridizing f-MWCNTs with CdS or Ag2S QDs.

Photocatalytic activity of CdS and Ag2S quantum dots deposited on poly(amidoamine) functionalized carbon nanotubes

Novel composite photocatalysts consisting of CdS and graphitic carbon nitride (CdS/g-C3N4) with different ratios of CdS were prepared. The CdS/g-C3N4 composite photocatalysts were characterized in detail and their photocatalytic activity was evaluated by using rhodamine B and colorless metronidazole as probes. Compared with pure g-C3N4, the CdS/g-C3N4 composite exhibits significantly enhanced photocatalytic activity under visible-light irradiation. More importantly, g-C3N4 substantially reinforces the photostability of CdS nanowires even in a nonsacrificial system. The synergistic effect between CdS and g-C3N4 is found to be primarily responsible for enhancement of the separation of photogenerated electrons and holes, which helps improve the photocatalytic performance. A probable photodegradation process of metronidazole was proposed based on an analysis of the degradation products. This study provides new insight into the preparation of highly efficient and stable sulfide-based composite photocatalysts and facilitates their application in a number of environmentally sensitive areas.

CdS/g-C3N4 Hybrids with Improved Photostability and Visible Light Photocatalytic Activity

Sacrificial template method for the synthesis of CdS nanosponges and their photocatalytic properties

Lead sulfide (PbS) with various morphologies including flowerlike, microsphere, multipod, six-armed star, and truncated octahedron has been synthesized selectively under hydrothermal conditions. The synthesis procedure variables such as concentration of the citric acid (CA), kinds of surfactant, reaction temperature, and reaction time were observed to influence the resultant shape of PbS microstructures. The structure and morphology of the obtained products were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. On the basis of the time-dependent experimental data, the possible formation mechanism related to facet-selective growth and dissolution-recrystallization was presented. Furthermore, the electrical conductivities for different morphologies of PbS were measured to investigate the possible effect of morphology on the electrical conductivity.

Flowerlike PbS Microcrystals: Citric Acid Assisted Synthesis, Shape Evolution, and Electrical Conductivities

Self-sacrificed template method for the synthesis of ZnO-tubular nanostructures:reaction kinetics and pathways

The invention provides a preparation method of an AgPb10SbTe12 thermoelectric material, which relates to a preparation method of thermoelectric materials. The invention solves the problem that the thermoelectric material prepared by the prior method has the defects of high required temperature, expensive and complicated equipment, low product yield and poor thermoelectric performance in the preparation process. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) preparing a mixture; (2) preparing a mixed solution; (3) preparing the precursor of the AgPb10SbTe12 thermoelectric material; and (4) filtering, washing and drying the precursor of the AgPb10SbTe12 thermoelectric material. The invention adopts the method synthesized by the hydro-thermal method to achieve the purpose of preparing the AgPb10SbTe12 thermoelectric material under the conditions of low temperature and friendly environment. The product prepared by the invention has high purity, high yield and good thermoelectric performance. The invention has the advantages of cheap price of raw materials, simple processes, simple equipment and low manufacturing cost of the equipment.

Preparation method of AgPb10SbTe12 thermoelectric material

The invention discloses a method for preparing a Cu7Te4 nano-belt semiconductor material, which relates to a method for preparing a nano-belt semiconductor material and solves the problems of complex operation, high cost, high risk and low purity of the obtained product in the conventional nano semiconductor material preparation method. The method comprises the following steps of: 1, preparing mixed solution; 2, preparing a Cu7Te4 semiconductor material precursor; and 3, washing, filtering and drying the Cu7Te4 semiconductor material to obtain the Cu7Te4 nano-belt semiconductor material. The Cu7Te4 nano-belt semiconductor material has high crystallinity, uniform granules and high purity, the width of belts is 500 nanometers to 5 microns, and the length of the belts is 10 to 30 microns; and the preparation method has the advantages of simple operation, low cost and low risk. The preparation method is applied in the fields of thermoelectric devices, solar cells, super-ionic conductors and the like.

Method for preparing Cu7Te4 nano-belt semiconductor material

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