Efficient removal of organic pollutants from wastewater has become a hot research topic due to its ecological and environmental importance. Traditional water treatment methods such as adsorption, coagulation, and membrane separation suffer from high operating costs, and even generate secondary pollutants. Photocatalysis on semiconductor catalysts (TiO2, ZnO, Fe2O3, CdS, GaP, and ZnS) has demonstrated efficiency in degrading a wide range of organic pollutants into biodegradable or less toxic organic compounds, as well as inorganic CO2, H2O, NO3−, PO43−, and halide ions. However, the difficult post-separation, easy agglomeration, and low solar energy conversion efficiency of these inorganic catalysts limit their large scale applications. Exploitation of new catalysts has been attracting great attention in the related research communities. In the past two decades, a class of newly-developed inorganic–organic hybrid porous materials, namely metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) has generated rapid development due to their versatile applications such as in catalysis and separation. Recent research has showed that these materials, acting as catalysts, are quite effective in the photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants. This review highlights research progress in the application of MOFs in this area. The reported examples are collected and analyzed; and the reaction mechanism, the influence of various factors on the catalytic performance, the involved challenges, and the prospect are discussed and estimated. It is clear that MOFs have a bright future in photocatalysis for pollutant degradation.

Photocatalytic organic pollutants degradation in metal–organic frameworks

Correction for ‘Towards the use of metal–organic frameworks for water reuse: a review of the recent advances in the field of organic pollutants removal and degradation and the next steps in the field’ by Elton M. Dias et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2015, 3, 22484–22506.

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Towards the use of metal–organic frameworks for water reuse: a review of the recent advances in the field of organic pollutants removal and degradation and the next steps in the field

Visible light-induced photocatalysis is a promising way for environmental remediation due to efficient utilization of solar energy. Recently, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted increasing attention in the field of photocatalysis. In comparison with traditional metal oxide semiconductors, MOFs have many advantages, such as high specific surface area, rich topology and easily tunable porous structure. In this review, we aim to summarize and illustrate recent advances in MOF-based photocatalysis for environmental remediation under visible light, including wastewater treatment, air purification and disinfection. A series of strategies have been designed to modify and regulate pristine MOFs for enhanced photocatalytic performance, such as ligand functionalization, mixed-metal/linker strategy, metal ion/ligand immobilization, dye sensitization, metal nanoparticle loading, carbon material decoration, semiconductor coupling, MOF/COF coupling, carrier loading and magnetic recycling. The above modifications may result in extended visible light absorption, efficient generation, separation and transfer of photogenerated charges, as well as good recyclability. However, there are still many challenges and obstacles. In order to meet the requirements of using MOF photocatalysis as a friendly and stable technology for low-cost practical applications, its future development prospects are also discussed.

/pdf/recent-advances-in-mof-based-photocatalysis-environmental-3m7z4g349c.pdf

Recent advances in MOF-based photocatalysis: environmental remediation under visible light

Coupling of heterogeneous advanced oxidation processes and photocatalysis in efficient degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride by Fe-based MOFs: Synergistic effect and degradation pathway

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), a new class of porous crystalline materials, have attracted great interest as fascinating materials for sustainable energy and environmental remediation. However, the functionalization and diversification of MOFs are still challenging and imperative for the development of highly active MOF-based materials. In this study, a series of Cd0.2Zn0.8S@UiO-66-NH2 nanocomposites with different UiO-66-NH2 contents were fabricated via a facile solvothermal method. The photocatalytic performances of the obtained Cd0.2Zn0.8S@UiO-66-NH2 nanocomposites were evaluated by photocatalytic H2 evolution and CO2 reduction under visible-light irradiation. The resultant hybrids exhibit significantly enhanced photocatalytic activity for hydrogen evolution and CO2 reduction as compared with pristine components, and the optimal UiO-66-NH2 content is 20 wt%. The composite can show a hydrogen evolution rate of 5846.5 μmol h−1 g−1 and a CH3OH production rate of 6.8 μmol h−1 g−1. The remarkable enhancement of the photocatalytic activity should be attributed to the efficient charge separation and transfer on the interface between Cd0.2Zn0.8S and UiO-66-NH2. Furthermore, the Cd0.2Zn0.8S@UiO-66-NH2 photocatalysts show excellent stability during photocatalytic hydrogen evolution and CO2 reduction. This work demonstrates that MOF-based composite materials hold great promise for applications in the field of energy conversion and environmental purification.

Cd0.2Zn0.8S@UiO-66-NH2 nanocomposites as efficient and stable visible-light-driven photocatalyst for H2 evolution and CO2 reduction

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) MIL-88A hexagonal microrods as a new photocatalyst show an active performance for methylene blue (MB) dye decolorization using visible light. MB decolorization over the MIL-88A photocatalyst follows first-order kinetics. The addition of a H2O2 electron acceptor can markedly enhance the photocatalytic MB decoloration performance of MIL-88A. Moreover, MIL-88A showed a very stable activity for MB decoloration after four consecutive usages. Owing to the advantages of the visible light response, low cost and abundance in nature, this active MIL-88A MOF photocatalyst would have great potential for environmental purification.

Metal-organic frameworks MIL-88A hexagonal microrods as a new photocatalyst for efficient decolorization of methylene blue dye

The invention relates to a quick, energy-saving and high-yield preparation method of quasi-graphite-structure carbon nitride catalysis materials and application of the materials, belonging to the field of preparation and application of catalysis materials. According to the preparation process, one or multiple nitrogen-rich small organic molecules of urea, melamine, thiourea, cyanamide, dicyanamide, cyanuric chloride and cyanuric acid is/are taken as raw materials, a simple metal substance, a metallic oxide, a metal sulfide and a metal chloride are taken as microwave absorbers, microwave is taken as a heating source, and under the condition of radiation of microwave, the quasi-graphite-structure carbon nitride material can be quickly prepared. The prepared carbon nitride material has a large specific area and crystallinity and has high photocatalytic water decomposition hydrogen production performance and organic pollutant degradation performance. The preparation method provided by the invention is short in time, small in energy consumption, high in production efficiency and simple in process, does not have harsh preparation conditions, is easy to operate and has wide application prospect.

Method for quickly preparing quasi-graphite-structure carbon nitride material by adopting microwave heating

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Metal-organic frameworks MIL-88A hexagonal microrods as a new photocatalyst for efficient decolorization of methylene blue dye

Method for quickly preparing quasi-graphite-structure carbon nitride material by adopting microwave heating