Phase change material for passive cooling in building envelopes: A comprehensive review

Energy Digitalization: Main categories, Applications, Merits and Barriers

Effects of the PCM layer position on the comprehensive performance of a built-middle PV-Trombe wall system for building application in the heating season

Improving Thermal Energy Storage (TES) of buildings using Phase Change Material (PCM) is widely used to develop energy efficient building envelope. In this study, optimum location of PCM, thermal insulation, and air were investigated in a concrete block to improve indoor thermal comfort of the building. A comparative study of six Thermal Efficient Concrete Block (TECB-1, TECB-2, TECB-3, TECB-4, TECB-5, and TECB-6), having three slots each, embedded with PCM, PU Foam, and air in varying order was conducted to identify the optimum location of PCM for improving indoor thermal performance. Additionally, TES characteristics and thermal stability of PCM were also evaluated. TECB-4 and TECB-5 obtained a time lag of 127.5 min and 125 min respectively in comparison with TECB-0. Maximum average percentage reduction of 12.5% in indoor peak temperature and lowest average thermal amplitude of 13.4 °C was shown by TECB-5. The temperature profiling of indoor surfaces validates the improved thermal behaviour of TECB-4 and TECB-5. This study signifies that optimum location of using PCM, PU Foam, and air in the building concrete block is PCM on outer side, PU Foam on inner side, and air in middle for improving indoor thermal performance of buildings in tropical climates. 

Location optimization of phase change material for thermal energy storage in concrete block for development of energy efficient buildings

To reduce the heat loss from the PCM Trombe wall and increase its thermal efficiency, an innovative dynamic Trombe wall incorporating a PCM layer on one face and an insulation layer on the opposite face is proposed. During the charging period of the PCM, the face containing the PCM is exposed to solar irradiation, while the face containing the insulation is exposed to the conditioned air. During the discharging period, the two faces exchange position. A large-scale model of a building unit with such a wall is constructed and tested. The model is analyzed using three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD), with generally good agreement between the two sets of results. Subsequently, CFD models of three building units are analyzed, one having the proposed dynamic wall, the other an analogous static wall, and the last one identical to the static wall but without PCM. Throughout the PCM discharging period, the temperatures of all the surfaces and the air in the conditioned space in the unit with the proposed wall are found to be consistently higher than those in the companion units. Based on energy conservation analysis, compared with the static wall, with and without PCM, the energy saving efficiency of the proposed wall is higher 25.3% and 17.5%, respectively. Similarly, its thermal efficiency is higher 79.8% and 35.4%, respectively. To achieve even higher thermal efficiency, it is shown that the thermal resistance of the glazing in the envelope, and the envelope as a whole, need to be increased by using materials with low density and heat capacity. 

CFD modeling and experimental validation of the thermal performance of a novel dynamic PCM Trombe wall: Comparison with the companion static wall with and without PCM

Thermal performance and economy of PCM foamed cement walls for buildings in different climate zones

Energy performance of a rural residential building with PCM-silica aerogel sunspace in severe cold regions

Energy-Saving Retrofits of Prefabricated House Roof in Severe Cold Area

Due to the poor insulation performance of existing rural houses, it leads to poor indoor thermal environment, and also generate high energy consumption during the heating period. Attached sunspace as a passive solar energy utilization method has been widely used in rural areas in northern China. However, the attached sunspace cannot meet the residents' requirements for a comfortable indoor thermal environment. In order to promote building energy efficiency, a method of joint utilization of solar air collector and attached sunspace is proposed. Taking solar air collector and attached sunspace as objects, EnergyPlus software is used to simulate the indoor temperature and building energy consumption of the original and retrofit rural houses, and explore their impacts on the energy efficiency of rural houses in Daqing area. Simulation results illustrate that compared to the original rural houses, the attached sunspace and solar collector system can increase the average indoor temperature by 2.2° C during the heating period, and the relative humidity is within the suitable range for the human body, creating a more comfortable and stable indoor thermal environment. Moreover, the retrofitted rural houses can reduce heating energy consumption by 3,198 kWh during the heating period, with an energy saving rate reaching 37 percent and an optimal payback period of 10 years. The combined use of active and passive solar energy has better economic and environmental benefits. 

Energy saving retrofit of rural house based on the joint utilization of solar collector and attached sunspace

ABSTRACT Energy consumption of solar greenhouse depends on the thermal insulation performance and thermal storage capacity of thermal storage wall. To find the best composition scheme for heat storage wall of greenhouse in severe cold region (1A: Hailar, 1B: Anda, 1C: Shenyang), the paper uses a typical Northeast Chinese solar greenhouse as an illustration and forms 14 schemes by setting expanded polystyrene (EPS) insulation boards and phase change materials (PCMs) at different positions of the thermal storage wall, of which PCM materials have six phase change temperatures. Energy consumption, wall heat storage performance, and room temperature of these schemes are analyzed by using EnergyPlus. Energy consumption, heat storage capacity, room temperature regulation, payback period, and carbon emissions were used to compare the heat storage wall schemes. The results show that Case Ⅵ (16°C) in Hailar is the optimal scheme, its energy consumption is 46,862.886 kWh, and the added value of the payback period is 1.87 years, the second is Case a and Case e (26°C) is the worst. Case VI (16°C) in Anda is the optimal scheme, its energy consumption is 65,599.749 kWh, and the added value of the payback period is 1.59 years, the second is Case a, and Case e (26°C) is the worst. Case Ⅶ (16°C) in Shenyang is the optimal scheme, its energy consumption is 26,109780kWh, and the added value of the payback period is 1.77 years, the second is Case a, and Case f (24°C) is the worst. The reason for the difference in optimal schemes is that the outdoor temperature of Hailar and Anda is low in winter, and PCM can hardly change phase in winter, but only plays the role of heat preservation. The temperature in Shenyang is relatively high in winter, and PCM is more likely to change phase, so the closer PCM is to the room, the lower the energy consumption of the greenhouse. The research results of this paper can provide a theoretical basis for the energy-saving design of solar greenhouse.

Energy-saving optimization of solar greenhouse walls in severe cold region

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