We investigate whether income inequality affects subsequent growth in a cross-country sample for 1965-90, using the models of Barro (1997), Bleaney and Nishiyama (2002) and Sachs and Warner (1997), with negative results. We then investigate the evolution of income inequality over the same period and its correlation with growth. The dominating feature is inequality convergence across countries. This convergence has been significantly faster amongst developed countries. Growth does not appear to influence the evolution of inequality over time. Outline

https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/81822/1/02-28.pdf

Economic growth and income inequality

/pdf/social-capital-a-theory-of-social-structure-and-action-4m7poq6byy.pdf

Social capital: a theory of social structure and action

Rural income growth, ethnic differences, and household cooking fuel choice: Evidence from China

At a time when COVID-19 is sweeping the world, farmland abandonment is obviously not conducive to solving food security problems Since the formal institutions of local government in China have not been effective in the reduction of farmland abandonment, this study aims to explore whether informal institutions can help mitigate this problem Based on big survey data from 8031 farmer households in 27 provinces in mainland China, this study uses an econometric model to investigate the quantitative impact of social capital on farmland abandonment, and to analyze the channels through which that impact manifests itself The empirical results point to the following conclusions: (i) Social capital, as a key informal institution, can help reduce farmland abandonment More specifically, after controlling for other variables, for every unit increase in social capital, the proportion of farmland abandonment can be predicted to drop by 7 17 percentage points (ii) Both off-farm employment and farmland rent are channels for the impact of social capital on farmland abandonment However, social capital’s effect on increasing farmland abandonment via the promotion of off-farm employment is small when compared with its effect on reducing farmland abandonment via the promotion of farmland rent This study’s conclusions may help generate new ideas for reducing farmland abandonment At the same time, the study may provide a sound, empirical basis for policies aimed at reducing the negative impact of COVID-19 on food security while also revitalizing rural areas

https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/9/10/360/pdf

Does Social Capital Help to Reduce Farmland Abandonment? Evidence from Big Survey Data in Rural China

Working hours and job satisfaction in China: A threshold analysis

In order to explore the current income gap, a method based on the PSO algorithm in the edge computing environment is proposed. PSO calculates and simulates bird flock foraging activities, the Frank Heppner biological group model, and the three rules in bird activities. After studying the activities of these natural creatures, abstract problems are quantified and similar models established. The Gini coefficient is calculated by using grouped data, and the grouping basis is also innovative. The quantile grouping method is adopted, which can effectively solve the difference between the concentration index and the Gini coefficient, and the Gini coefficients of each year can be added up to finally get the Gini coefficient of the stock income. Experimental results show that the Gini coefficient of traffic income in 2017 and 2018 had dropped significantly, but the variation of the Gini coefficient of stock income (Delta CG) was still greater than 0. Obviously, the adjustment speed of the Gini coefficient of stock income was lagging behind, as was the Gini coefficient of traffic income. We found that after 1986, the facilitation effect was greater than the dilution effect, and the facilitation effect continued to push up the stock income gap, which indicated more income flow to the high-income group, with the income flow gap showing an upward trend and the upward trend becoming more and more obvious. It has been proved that the PSO algorithm can effectively identify the income gap in the edge computing environment, and the corresponding policy suggestions are given.

/pdf/income-gap-equalization-based-on-pso-algorithm-in-edge-3hhwjq7w.pdf

Income Gap Equalization Based on PSO Algorithm in Edge Computing Environment

We used recently available household panel data collected by China's National Bureau of Statistics to examine the effects of natural, human, material, and social capital on income inequality among minority farmers in China's Xinjiang Province between 2011 and 2012. Results obtained from panel quantile regression and correlated random effects’ models show that income inequality and the poverty of ethnic farmers have been decreasing to some extent. Results also indicated that human capital exacerbates income inequality among the minorities, whereas the effect of natural capital on income inequality is not evident. Social and material capital reduce income inequality among ethnic minorities. Results from the decomposition of the Gini coefficient indicate that material and social capital contribute to a substantial majority of the income inequality in the region.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/rode.12559

Income inequality among minority farmers in China: Does social capital have a role?

With the rapid development of China’s economy, urbanization is gradually accelerating, but the income gap between urban and rural areas is growing, which may constrain economic development. To test the impact of urbanization on the urban–rural income gap, this paper uses panel data of 31 provinces (cities/autonomous regions) in China from 2007 to 2018, and combines ArcGIS technology to construct Spatial Dubin Model. This paper finds that the increase in urbanization level in China can significantly reduce the urban–rural income gap. The mediating effects model further shows that the increased level of urbanization in China promotes the flow of factors, which helps the flow of capital and advanced technology into the countryside and increases productivity. It also promotes the transfer of a large amount of surplus labor to the tertiary sector, adjusting the industrial structure and increasing the income of peasants moving to the city. In addition, the development of urbanization in China can lead to the construction of public education, improving the conditions and quality of education and teaching, and increasing the possibilities for farmers to earn high incomes. As a result, the urban–rural income gap in China has been narrowed. The findings of this paper are useful for understanding the underlying mechanisms in the level of urbanization and the urban–rural income gap in China. It provides policy insights for accelerating China’s new urbanization process and promoting the coordinated development of China’s urban and rural regions.

/pdf/the-impact-of-urbanization-level-on-urban-rural-income-gap-k6vphl82.pdf

The Impact of Urbanization Level on Urban–Rural Income Gap in China Based on Spatial Econometric Model

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Papers

Income Gap Equalization Based on PSO Algorithm in Edge Computing Environment

Income inequality among minority farmers in China: Does social capital have a role?

The Impact of Urbanization Level on Urban–Rural Income Gap in China Based on Spatial Econometric Model