Underground mining can cause ground and strata movements, which in turn cause damage to houses and the landscape. The different characteristics and properties of the strata encountered during mining can also result in corresponding deformation. In order to study the deformation and damage rules of strata which are composed of unconsolidated soil and bedrock induced by underground coal mining, a physical model that employs material sand, lime, and gypsum with water was utilized firstly to simulate strata and ground movements. Then overlying strata with different properties were created according to the corresponding ratio of the mixed material, physical models under two conditions (i.e., thick soil layer and thin bedrock, and thin soil layer and thick bedrock) were set up. Lastly underground coal extraction was conducted using the proposed models. Results show that the proportion of unconsolidated soil layer in the overlying strata is the key factor that determines the significant differences in the movement of strata under the two special conditions. When the ratio of the soil layer is large, the unconsolidated soil layer is loaded on the bedrock; the bedrock is thus forced to move down, and the compression rate of the broken strata is increased. The soil layer follows the bedrock as an integral movement to subsidence. When the ratio of the soil layer is small, the load on the strata is small, but the structural function of the strata is obvious and the fraction degree in the strata is developed. The obtained results in this study can be applied to support mine planning in the aspect of ground damage evaluation.

/pdf/physical-experiments-on-the-deformation-of-strata-with-3azevs756e.pdf

Physical Experiments on the Deformation of Strata with Different Properties Induced by Underground Mining

The ground movement laws due to wide strip mining under deep-lying seams has been studied with the experiment of similar material model, and the results of experiment could analysis qualitatively that it is feasible for wide strip mining under deep-lying seams. Taking 25 mining area of Hemei 9th mine as geologic background, the model of wide strip mining under deep seams has been made, which was used to study on the deformation of overburden and the ground movement laws. The results of experiment show that the properties and thickness of strata play a control role on the deformation, and the key strata play a core role; the deformation was dispersed with wide strip mining. When the width of strip mining and protective coal pillar are scientific and reasonable, the purpose of increasing the width of strip mining under the condition of controlling deformation could be achieved, and the entire mining area would be formed a flat subsidence basin. These achievements provide a scientific basis for solving the problem for the ground buildings protection in the conditions of wide strip mining under deep-lying seams, and that also provide some references for further studying on the method of wide strip mining under deep-lying seams.

Experimental Study on Wide Strip Mining with Similar Simulation under Deep-Lying Seams

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Experimental Study on Wide Strip Mining with Similar Simulation under Deep-Lying Seams